scholarly journals Novel hydrophobization of wood by epoxidized linseed oil. Part 1. Process description and anti-swelling efficiency of the treated wood

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Jebrane ◽  
Víctor Fernández-Cano ◽  
Dmitri Panov ◽  
Nasko Terziev ◽  
Geoffrey Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Reference Samples ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Epoxidized Linseed Oil

Abstract The known method of wood modification by epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) has a limiting practical application due to the rapid polymerization of ELO in the presence of acetic acid (AA) needed as a catalyst. The present study was designed to develop an alternative method by means of a two-step process to avoid the rapid polymerization. The treatment options were tested on Scots pine sapwood, with the dimensional stability (DS) of the treated samples in focus. The new method provided an anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) in the range of 40–57%, which was even better than the thermally modified (TM) reference samples with 40% ASE. The developed two-step process is a feasible and practical approach for ELO treatment of wood.

Effect of bio-oil and epoxidized linseed oil on physical, mechanical, and biological properties of treated wood

2013 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 1562-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Temiz ◽  
Gaye Kose ◽  
Dmitri Panov ◽  
Nasko Terziev ◽  
Mehmet Hakkı Alma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Epoxidized Linseed Oil

scholarly journals A comparative study on the effects of linseed oil and shellac treatment on the hygroscopicity, dimensional stability, and color changes of Chinese ash wood

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 8085-8092
Author(s):  
Mihaela Liu ◽  
Xinwei Tu ◽  
Xinyou Liu ◽  
Zhihui Wu ◽  
Jiufang Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Color Changes

Linseed oil and shellac are natural, environmentally friendly materials with good water repellency. They were used to impregnate Chinese ash wood at room temperature (20 °C) using a vacuum-pressure procedure (consisting of three cycles of 0.01 MPa for 1.5 h and atmospheric pressure for 1.5 h) to improve the dimensional stability of wood. The effects of the impregnation treatment on wood color changes, dimensional stability, moisture absorption, and morphological characteristics were evaluated. The linseed oil and shellac treatment improved the dimensional stability of wood. Linseed oil and shellac displayed good permeability in Chinese ash wood, with weight gains of 21.7% and 19.0%, respectively, after impregnation. The swelling coefficients of treated wood in the tangential and radial directions decreased by 15 to 22%, indicating that impregnation improved the dimensional stability of wood. Linseed oil and shellac solidified and occluded the pits within the wood interior to prevent moisture absorption. This method can be used to improve the dimensional stability of a variety of wood products, such as buildings, furniture, and landscape architecture.

scholarly journals Dimensional stability, fungal resistance and mechanical properties of radiata pine after combined thermo-mechanical compression and oil heat-treatment

Holzforschung ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 793-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Dubey ◽  
Shusheng Pang ◽  
Shakti Chauhan ◽  
John Walker
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Decay Test

Abstract The dimensional stability and mechanical properties of radiata pine (Pinus radiata) has been investigated after thermo-mechanically compression (TMC) followed by oil heat-treatment (OHT). Wood specimens were first compressed in the radial direction then heat-treated in a linseed oil bath at 160–210°C. Spring-back percentage, water repellence efficiencies, and compression set recovery percentage were determined as indicators of dimensional stability. The resistance of treated wood against a brown rot fungi was assessed based on an accelerated laboratory fungal decay test. Strength, stiffness and hardness were determined as a function of different treatment parameters. After TMC, high compression set (39%) was achieved without any surface checks and cracks. Specimens undergoing TMC followed by OHT showed relatively less swelling and low compression set recovery under high moisture conditions. The fungal resistance of wood after TMC+OHT slightly increased compared to untreated wood and TMC wood. The mechanical properties of TMC+OHT wood were inferior to those of TMC wood.

scholarly journals Improved Water Repellency and Dimensional Stability of Wood via Impregnation with an Epoxidized Linseed Oil and Carnauba Wax Complex Emulsion

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Jinyu Chen ◽  
Yujiao Wang ◽  
Jinzhen Cao ◽  
Wang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Carnauba Wax ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
Epoxidized Linseed Oil

Natural wood is susceptible to moisture during its practical use, limiting not only service life but also the range of uses. In this study, plant extracts, specifically linseed oil and carnauba wax (both environmentally friendly and water-repellent substances), were examined as a means to mitigate limitations of natural wood. Stable and homogenous epoxidized linseed oil/carnauba wax emulsions with an average particle size less than 230 nm were used as a modifier to enhance the performance of wood. Weight percentage gain, bulking coefficient, micromorphology, chemical structure, moisture adsorption, contact angle, water repellency, and dimensional stability of treated wood were measured. Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), it was observed that carnauba wax and epoxidized linseed oil acted as a mechanical barrier and could partially cover or block vessels, pits, and wood rays. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of wood increased significantly after emulsion impregnation. However, there was no obvious chemical reaction between epoxidized linseed oil and the main components of wood in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results. The combined effect of epoxidized linseed oil and carnauba wax was apparent in both decreased water absorption and dimensional deformation. Poplar wood impregnated with an epoxidized linseed oil/carnauba wax complex emulsion shows potential for improving water-related properties. Thus, the complex emulsion modification can improve the inherent shortcoming of poplar wood effectively.

scholarly journals Changes in chemistry, color, dimensional stability and fungal resistance of Pinus radiata D. Don wood with oil heat-treatment

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Dubey ◽  
Shusheng Pang ◽  
John Walker
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Oil Uptake ◽  
Remarkable Feature ◽  
Heat Treated

Abstract Pinus radiata wood specimens were heat-treated at 160–210°C in linseed oil and the effects of treatment on chemical composition, color, dimensional stability, and fungal resistance were examined. The degradation of hemicelluloses was the most remarkable feature, which is the principal reason for alterations in wood properties. Removal or migration of extractives, oil uptake and the accumulation of oil on the wood surface were observed. The color of heat-treated wood became more uniform and darker, and its dimensional stability (i.e., anti-swelling efficiency) and fungal resistance were improved by up to 60% and 36%, respectively. The viscosity of the oil after treatment was elevated with the treatment temperature and was higher in comparison to heated oil without wood present.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF LINSEED OIL-TREATED WOOD TO IMPROVE HYDROPHOBICITY, DIMENSIONAL STABILITY, AND THERMOSTABILITY

Wood Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-788
Author(s):  
MIHAELA LIU ◽  
JIANAN WANG ◽  
GUANGLIN XU ◽  
XIN WEI TU ◽  
XIN YOU LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Wood Moisture

Inthis work, linseed oil was impregnated into the wood at room temperature, under vacuum pressure. The properties of linseed oil-treated wood, including dimensional stability, wood moisture absorption, chemical structure, thermostability, and morphological characteristics, were evaluated. Linseed oil displayed good permeability in Ailanthuswood, with weight gains of 30.95% after impregnation. The swelling coefficients of treated woodin the tangential and radial directions decreased by 25.97 to 33.33%, indicating that impregnation improved the dimensional stability of wood.Moreover, linseed oil treatment significantly modified the wood structure, although the FTIR spectra generally remained unchanged. Observation by scanning electron microscopy showed, that linseed oil impregnated into the wood and occluded pits, thereby prevented moisture absorption. This technique can be used in a variety of wood products, such as buildings, furniture, and landscape architecture.

scholarly journals Kinetic Analysis of the Curing Process of Biobased Epoxy Resin from Epoxidized Linseed Oil by Dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1279
Author(s):  
Diego Lascano ◽  
Alejandro Lerma-Canto ◽  
Vicent Fombuena ◽  
Rafael Balart ◽  
Nestor Montanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Epoxidized Linseed Oil

The curing process of epoxy resin based on epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) is studied using dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in order to determine the kinetic triplet (Ea, f(α) and A) at different heating rates. The apparent activation energy, Ea, has been calculated by several differential and integral isoconversional methods, namely Kissinger, Friedman, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Starink. All methods provide similar values of Ea (between 66 and 69 kJ/mol), and this shows independence versus the heating rate used. The epoxy resins crosslinking is characterized by a multi-step process. However, for the sake of the simplicity and to facilitate the understanding of the influence of the oxirane location on the curing kinetic, this can be assimilated to a single-step process. The reaction model has a high proportion of autocatalytic process, fulfilling that αM is between 0 and αp and αM < αp∞. Using as reference the model proposed by Šesták–Berggren, by obtaining two parameters (n and m) it is possible to obtain, on the one hand, the kinetic parameters and, on the other hand, a graphical comparison of the degree of conversion, α, versus temperature (T) at different heating rates with the average n and m values of this model. The good accuracy of the proposed model with regard to the actual values obtained by DSC gives consistency to the obtained parameters, thus suggesting the crosslinking of the ELO-based epoxy has apparent activation energies similar to other petroleum-derived epoxy resins.

scholarly journals Dynamic–Mechanical and Decomposition Properties of Flax/Basalt Hybrid Laminates Based on an Epoxidized Linseed Oil Polymer

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Dana Luca Motoc ◽  
Jose Miguel Ferri ◽  
Santiago Ferrandiz-Bou ◽  
Daniel Garcia-Garcia ◽  
Rafael Balart
Keyword(s):  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Glutaric Anhydride ◽  
Transfer Molding ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Thermal Gravimetry ◽  
Hybrid Laminates ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Decomposition Properties ◽  
Epoxidized Linseed Oil

This contribution focuses on the development of flax and flax/basalt hybrid reinforced composites based on epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) resin, exploiting the feasibility of different ratios of glutaric anhydride (GA) to maleinized linseed oil (MLO) in the hardener system (50:0, 40:10 and 30:20 wt.%) to provide crosslinked thermosets with balanced properties. The hybrid laminates have been manufactured by resin transfer molding (RTM) and subjected to dynamic–mechanical (DMA) and thermal gravimetry (TGA) analysis. The presence of glutaric anhydride (GA) resulted in hard and relatively brittle flax and flax/basalt laminates, whose loss moduli decreased as the number of basalt plies diminished. Furthermore, the increase in MLO content in the GA:MLO hardener system shifted the glass transition temperatures (Tg) from 70 °C to 59 and 56 °C, which is representative of a decrease in brittleness of the crosslinked resin. All samples exhibited two stages of their decomposition process irrespective of the MLO content. The latter influenced the residual mass content that increased with the increase of the MLO wt.% from 10 to 30 wt.%, with shifts of the final degradation temperatures from 410 °C to 425 °C and 445 °C, respectively.

Studies on the Development of Benzoyl Peroxide Catalysed Rapid Oil Tanning using Linseed Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bindia Sahu ◽  
Jaya Prakash Alla ◽  
Gladstone Christopher Jayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Special Class ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Tanning Process ◽  
Remarkable Reduction ◽  
Better Than

Leather tanning is a stabilisation process of skin fibers. This is achieved by the interaction of collagen amino acids with tanning agents to stabilise skin from putrefaction. Tanning of collagen with oil is a special class of tanning known as chamois tanning. Chemically, the oil tanning involves oxidation of unsaturation present in the oil, which is generally achieved by exposing oil treated skins to air. In this study, Benzoyl peroxide has been used as an accelerating agent for oxidation of unsaturated bonds present in the linseed oil for oil tanning process. Results shows remarkable reduction in tanning duration from fifteen days to two days. The chamois leathers prepared using oxidation accelerant (Benzoyl peroxide) have been evaluated for physical properties such as water absorption (611%), tensile strength (18 N/mm2) and percentage of elongation (66 %) which are found to be better than control leathers.

Performance of waterborne copper/organic wood preservatives in an AWPA E14 soft-rot laboratory soil bed test using modified soil

Holzforschung ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 759-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrel Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Treated Wood ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Equivalent Efficacy ◽  
Particulate Copper ◽  
Neutral Soil ◽  
Commercial Copper ◽  
Organic Formulations ◽  
Better Than

AbstractSoil chemistry is known to have a major effect on the degradation of treated wood by basidiomycete fungi in laboratory and exterior ground-contact exposures. However, this topic received little attention from a soft-rot (SR) decay perspective. In the present paper, laboratory SR tests were performed with two different types of forest soils, which were also modified. Test samples, made ofPinus glabra(Walt.) (pine) were treated with four commercial copper/organic waterborne preservatives. In addition, soluble or particulate copper and the organic co-biocides quarternary ammonia compound or tebuconazole, were individually examined. After 19 months of soil bed exposure, moderate to severe degradation was observed in all treated samples in both soils. Surprisingly, microscopic examination showed minimal SR decay. Samples in the neutral soil had extensive tunneling bacterial deterioration and the best performance was observed with both copper/quaternary commercial formulations. Samples in the acidic soil appeared to have some white-rot and bacterial deterioration and all four commercial copper/organic formulations showed good statistically equivalent efficacy. For samples treated with only copper, the particulate copper samples performed statistically equivalent or slightly better than amine copper, while samples treated with only the organic quarternary or tebuconazole performed poorly in both soils.

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