Carboxylation of a Palladacycle Formed via C(sp3)–H Activation: Theory‐Driven Reaction Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Kanna ◽  
Yu Harabuchi ◽  
Hideaki Takano ◽  
Hiroki Hayashi ◽  
Satoshi Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Theory

Water adsorption constrained Frenkel–Halsey–Hill adsorption activation theory: Montmorillonite and illite

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney D. Hatch ◽  
Ann L. Greenaway ◽  
Matthew J. Christie ◽  
Jonas Baltrusaitis
Keyword(s):  
Water Adsorption ◽  
Activation Theory

Effects of coworker's idiosyncratic deals on witness's creative process engagement: roles of responsibility for change and perceived exploitative leadership

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Jie Huang ◽  
Chunyong Tang
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Idiosyncratic Deals ◽  
Psychological Contract Violation ◽  
Activation Theory ◽  
Trait Activation ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
Contract Violation

Abstract Emerging research in the idiosyncratic deals literature is to examine its negative effects. Thus far, much remains unknown about how and when idiosyncratic deals are associated with employee creative process engagement. Invoking fairness heuristic theory and trait activation theory, we propose and test a model that coworker's idiosyncratic deals have a negative association with witness's creative process engagement through psychological contract violation. Furthermore, we theorize and test the combination of the responsibility for change and perceived exploitative leadership as important boundary conditions, associate interact with coworker's idiosyncratic deals to strengthen the positive impact on psychological contract violation, thereby reducing witness's creative process engagement. We use two time-lagged studies to provide support for these mediation and moderation effects, and also discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.

scholarly journals Machiavellian Leader Effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna A. Genau ◽  
Gerhard Blickle ◽  
Nora Schütte ◽  
James A. Meurs
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Leadership Effectiveness ◽  
Political Skill ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Leader Effectiveness ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Activation Theory ◽  
Trait Activation ◽  
Trait Activation Theory

Abstract. Research on the effectiveness of Machiavellian leaders has found contradictory results. By linking socioanalytic and trait activation theory to the Machiavellianism and leadership literature, we argue that political skill may explain these findings by moderating the relation between Machiavellianism and leadership effectiveness. Using a multisource design and moderated mediation analyses with 153 leaders, 287 subordinates, and 153 superiors, we show that leaders who are both strongly politically skilled and high on Machiavellianism successfully enact transformational leadership, mediating improved leader effectiveness. However, when leader political skill is low, high Machiavellianism is negatively associated with (subordinate-rated) transformational leadership, resulting in lower leader effectiveness ratings by superiors. We discuss these results in light of current research on Machiavellianism in leadership and work contexts.

Individual motivations for limiting meat consumption

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifat Zur ◽  
Christian A. Klöckner
Keyword(s):  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Activation Theory ◽  
Broad Array

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to identify predictors of meat consumption and the intention to reduce it. Since meat consumption is one of the major contributors to human made environmental destruction including climate change, biodiversity loss or water and air pollution and at the same time under volitional control meat consumption is an interesting target for interventions. Design/methodology/approach – An integrated model was derived from the theory of planned behaviour, the norm activation theory and the protection motivation theory which was tested in a paper-pencil based questionnaire study including self-reported meat consumption was conducted with a convenience sample of 210 adult inhabitants of Trondheim (Norway). Findings – The model was confirmed to a large extent. Meat consumption was predicted strongly by meat eating habits, but also negatively by reduction intentions. Reduction intentions were determined by attitudes, moral beliefs and health beliefs. Moral beliefs were predicted by injunctive and descriptive norms as well as perceived behavioural control. Research limitations/implications – The study was based on a convenience sample, thus the sample is not representative. Furthermore, some of the measurement instruments are of only mediocre quality. Practical implications – The results show that interventions to reduce meat consumption need to include habits braking components to be effective. Meat consumption reduction is motivated by a broad array of motivations, including morality and health. Intervention campaigns need to cover this spectrum. Originality/value – This study is one of the first that systematically analyses determinants of meat consumption which makes it valuable in spite of its limitations.

scholarly journals A Systematic Literature Review of Animal-Assisted Interventions in Oncology (Part II): Theoretical Mechanisms and Frameworks

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153473542094326
Author(s):  
Timothy R. N. Holder ◽  
Margaret E. Gruen ◽  
David L. Roberts ◽  
Tamara Somers ◽  
Alper Bozkurt
Keyword(s):  
Human Interaction ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Activation Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Animal Bond ◽  
Base Study ◽  
Physical Touch

Animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) can improve patients’ quality of life as complementary medical treatments. Part I of this 2-paper systematic review focused on the methods and results of cancer-related AAIs; Part II discusses the theories of the field’s investigators. Researchers cite animal personality, physical touch, physical movement, distraction, and increased human interaction as sources of observed positive outcomes. These mechanisms then group under theoretical frameworks such as the social support hypothesis or the human-animal bond concept to fully explain AAI in oncology. The cognitive activation theory of stress, the science of unitary human beings, and the self-object hypothesis are additional frameworks mentioned by some researchers. We also discuss concepts of neurobiological transduction connecting mechanisms to AAI benefits. Future researchers should base study design on theories with testable hypotheses and use consistent terminology to report results. This review aids progress toward a unified theoretical framework and toward more holistic cancer treatments.

A Graph Based Query Focused Multi-Document Summarization

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Balaji ◽  
T V Geetha ◽  
Ranjani Parthasarathi
Keyword(s):  
Graph Matching ◽  
Spreading Activation ◽  
Redundant Information ◽  
Information Need ◽  
Query Graph ◽  
Activation Theory ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Multiple Documents ◽  
The Given

A user's information need, normally represented as a search query, can be satisfied by creating a query focused coherent and readable summary, by fusing the relevant parts of information from multiple documents. While aggregating the information from multiple documents, the quality of the summary is improved by eliminating redundant information from the document set. In this paper, we focus on removing such redundant information and identifying the essential components from multiple documents (represented as a single global semantic graph), with respect to the given query (represented as a query graph). While the redundancy elimination is carried out using various levels of graph matching which are then indicated through canonical labeling of graphs, the selection of essential components for a query focused summary is performed, through the modified spreading activation theory, where the query graph is also integrated during the spreading activation over the global graph. The proposed system shows significant improvements in generating summaries when compared to other existing summarization systems.

Withholding Knowledge in Teams: An Interactionist Perspective of Personality, Justice, and Autonomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2009-2024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Pan ◽  
Qingpu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Job Autonomy ◽  
Overall Justice ◽  
Development Teams ◽  
Activation Theory ◽  
Trait Activation ◽  
Interactionist Perspective ◽  
Software Development Teams

From an interactionist perspective and drawing on trait activation theory, we examined the main and interactive effects of personality, overall justice, and job autonomy on knowledge withholding in a team context. Participants comprised 214 employees from software development teams. Results showed that employees with high conscientiousness and low neuroticism were less likely to withhold knowledge. Contrary to our expectations, job autonomy was positively related to knowledge withholding. Further, the negative relationship between conscientiousness and knowledge withholding was stronger in a high overall justice situation, whereas the positive relationship between neuroticism and knowledge withholding was stronger in situations of low overall justice and high job autonomy. Our findings highlight the differences between knowledge withholding and knowledge sharing, and show that high overall justice can compensate for less desirable personality characteristics, such as neuroticism and unconscientiousness.

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