A possible linkage of the western North Pacific summer monsoon with the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation

Abstract This study investigates the features of atmospheric circulation and moisture transport associated with two modes of decadal variability in the North Pacific: the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), with emphasis on the multiscale water vapor transport and atmospheric river (AR) over the North Pacific region. During the positive phase of PDO, the geopotential height anomaly at 500-hPa exhibits a Pacific–North American-like pattern. During the positive phase of NPGO, the geopotential height anomaly at 500 hPa features a dipole pattern with a negative anomaly north of 40°N and a positive anomaly south of 40°N over the North Pacific. Associated with the positive PDO phase, the ocean-to-land moisture transport is enhanced between 25° and 35°N and reduced over the northeastern Pacific (25°–62°N, 180°–110°W) for the time-mean integrated vapor transport (IVT). The synoptic poleward transport is suppressed north of 40°N and enhanced south of 40°N. In the positive NPGO phase, the zonal moisture transport is intensified south of 20°N and between 40° and 50°N for the time-mean IVT and weakened over the west coast of North America for the low-frequency (10–100 days) IVT. The synoptic poleward transport is suppressed south of 30°N. The eastern part of the North Pacific AR belt moves southward during positive PDO as the entire North Pacific AR belt shifts slightly northward during positive NPGO. An investigation of AR anomalies during a period over which the PDO and NPGO coexist demonstrates that the AR frequency over the North American western coastal regions is significantly influenced by the conjunction of the PDO and NPGO modes.

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North Pacific Gyre Oscillation Synchronizes Climate Fluctuations in the Eastern and Western Boundary Systems*

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/2009jcli2848.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 22 (19) ◽

pp. 5163-5174 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

Lina I. Ceballos ◽

Emanuele Di Lorenzo ◽

Carlos D. Hoyos ◽

Niklas Schneider ◽

Bunmei Taguchi

Keyword(s):

North Pacific ◽

Dominant Mode ◽

Subtropical Gyre ◽

Western Boundary ◽

North Pacific Subtropical Gyre ◽

Climate Fluctuations ◽

The North ◽

North Pacific Gyre Oscillation ◽

North Pacific Gyre ◽

The North Pacific

Abstract Recent studies have identified the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) as a mode of climate variability that is linked to previously unexplained fluctuations of salinity, nutrient, and chlorophyll in the northeast Pacific. The NPGO reflects changes in strength of the central and eastern branches of the subtropical gyre and is driven by the atmosphere through the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO), the second dominant mode of sea level pressure variability in the North Pacific. It is shown that Rossby wave dynamics excited by the NPO propagate the NPGO signature in the sea surface height (SSH) field from the central North Pacific into the Kuroshio–Oyashio Extension (KOE), and trigger changes in the strength of the KOE with a lag of 2–3 yr. This suggests that the NPGO index can be used to track changes in the entire northern branch of the North Pacific subtropical gyre. These results also provide a physical mechanism to explain coherent decadal climate variations and ecosystem changes between the North Pacific eastern and western boundaries.

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The North Pacific Gyre Oscillation and Mechanisms of Its Decadal Variability in CMIP5 Models

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli-d-17-0344.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 2487-2509 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daling Li Yi ◽

Bolan Gan ◽

Lixin Wu ◽

Arthur J. Miller

Keyword(s):

North Pacific ◽

Time Scale ◽

Decadal Variability ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Coupled Model ◽

Cmip5 Models ◽

The North ◽

North Pacific Gyre Oscillation ◽

North Pacific Gyre ◽

The North Pacific

Based on the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) product and 37 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) database, the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) and its decadal generation mechanisms are evaluated by studying the second leading modes of North Pacific sea surface height (SSH) and sea level pressure (SLP) as well as their dynamical connections. It is found that 17 out of 37 models can well simulate the spatial pattern and decadal time scales (10–30 yr) of the NPGO mode, which resembles the observation-based SODA results. Dynamical connections between the oceanic mode (NPGO) and the atmospheric mode [North Pacific Oscillation (NPO)] are strongly evident in both SODA and the 17 models. In particular, about 30%–40% of the variance of the NPGO variability, which generally exhibits a preferred time scale, can be explained by the NPO variability, which has no preferred time scale in most models. Two mechanisms of the decadal NPGO variability that had been proposed by previous studies are evaluated in SODA and the 17 models: 1) stochastic atmospheric forcing and oceanic spatial resonance and 2) low-frequency atmospheric teleconnections excited by the equatorial Pacific. Evaluation reveals that these two mechanisms are valid in SODA and two models (CNRM-CM5 and CNRM-CM5.2), whereas two models (CMCC-CM and CMCC-CMS) prefer the first mechanism and another two models (CMCC-CESM and IPSL-CM5B-LR) prefer the second mechanism. The other 11 models have no evident relations with the proposed two mechanisms, suggesting the need for a fundamental understanding of the decadal NPGO variability in the future.

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HOT and the North Pacific gyre

Nature ◽

10.1038/378022a0 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 378 (6552) ◽

pp. 22-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David M. Karl

Keyword(s):

North Pacific ◽

The North ◽

North Pacific Gyre ◽

The North Pacific

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Satellite-Derived Tropical Cyclone Intensity in the North Pacific Ocean Using the Deviation-Angle Variance Technique

Weather and Forecasting ◽

10.1175/waf-d-13-00133.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 505-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Elizabeth A. Ritchie ◽

Kimberly M. Wood ◽

Oscar G. Rodríguez-Herrera ◽

Miguel F. Piñeros ◽

J. Scott Tyo

Keyword(s):

Tropical Cyclone ◽

North Atlantic ◽

North Pacific ◽

Western North Pacific ◽

North Pacific Ocean ◽

Deviation Angle ◽

Intensity Estimation ◽

The North ◽

The North Atlantic ◽

The North Pacific

Abstract The deviation-angle variance technique (DAV-T), which was introduced in the North Atlantic basin for tropical cyclone (TC) intensity estimation, is adapted for use in the North Pacific Ocean using the “best-track center” application of the DAV. The adaptations include changes in preprocessing for different data sources [Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-East (GOES-E) in the Atlantic, stitched GOES-E–Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-West (GOES-W) in the eastern North Pacific, and the Multifunctional Transport Satellite (MTSAT) in the western North Pacific], and retraining the algorithm parameters for different basins. Over the 2007–11 period, DAV-T intensity estimation in the western North Pacific results in a root-mean-square intensity error (RMSE, as measured by the maximum sustained surface winds) of 14.3 kt (1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1) when compared to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center best track, utilizing all TCs to train and test the algorithm. The RMSE obtained when testing on an individual year and training with the remaining set lies between 12.9 and 15.1 kt. In the eastern North Pacific the DAV-T produces an RMSE of 13.4 kt utilizing all TCs in 2005–11 when compared with the National Hurricane Center best track. The RMSE for individual years lies between 9.4 and 16.9 kt. The complex environment in the western North Pacific led to an extension to the DAV-T that includes two different radii of computation, producing a parametric surface that relates TC axisymmetry to intensity. The overall RMSE is reduced by an average of 1.3 kt in the western North Pacific and 0.8 kt in the eastern North Pacific. These results for the North Pacific are comparable with previously reported results using the DAV for the North Atlantic basin.

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Report on hydrozoans (Cnidaria), excluding Stylasteridae, from the Emperor Seamounts, western North Pacific Ocean

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4950.2.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4950 (2) ◽

pp. 201-247

Author(s):

DALE R. CALDER ◽

LES WATLING

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

North Pacific ◽

Western North Pacific ◽

Cold Water ◽

North Pacific Ocean ◽

First Record ◽

Western North Pacific Ocean ◽

The North ◽

Seamount Chain ◽

The North Pacific

Fourteen species of hydroids, collected during August 2019 by ROV SuBastian of the Schmidt Ocean Institute, are reported from the Emperor Seamount chain in the western North Pacific Ocean. Two others, Candelabrum sp. and Eudendrium sp., were observed only on videos taken by the ROV. From collections and video observations, eight species of hydroids were found at Jingū Seamount, three at Yomei, Nintoku, and Annei seamounts, and one at Koko Seamount and Hess Rise. At Suiko and Godaigo seamounts, hydroids were seen in videos but they could not be identified. Latebrahydra schulzei, an endobiotic associate of the hexactinellid sponge Walteria flemmingii Schulze, 1886 from Annei Seamount and Hess Rise, is described as a new genus and species tentatively attributed to Hydractiniidae L. Agassiz, 1862. Another new species, Hydractinia galeai, is described from Jingū Seamount. Among its distinctive characters is a zooid termed a sellectozooid, likely serving in both food capture and defence. Hydroids examined from Yomei, Nintoku, and Jingū seamounts are elements of a cold-water fauna occurring in the North Pacific Boreal Bathyal province, while those of Annei and Koko seamounts, and Hess Rise, are part of the biota of the Central North Pacific Bathyal province. Hydroids identified as Bouillonia sp., from Nintoku Seamount, represent the first record of this predominantly deep water tubulariid genus in the North Pacific Ocean. Bonneviella superba Nutting, 1915, from Jingū Seamount, is reported for the first time outside the Aleutian Islands. Bonneviella cf. gracilis Fraser, 1939, known elsewhere only from Dease Strait in the western Canadian Arctic, was also collected on Jingū. In addition to hydroids, medusae of Ptychogastria polaris Allman, 1878 were observed on videos from Nintoku, Jingū, Annei, and Koko seamounts at depths between 2423–1422 m. An unidentified siphonophore was observed near bottom at 2282 m on Nintoku Seamount.

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