Prevalence of neural tube defects, maternal HIV status, and antiretroviral therapy from a hospital‐based birth defect surveillance in Kampala, Uganda

Neural Tube Defects: Prevention by Vitamin Supplements

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.69.4.498 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 498-499

Author(s):

R. W. Smithells

Keyword(s):

Neural Tube ◽

Neural Tube Defects ◽

Birth Defect ◽

Epidemiologic Study ◽

Neural Tube Closure ◽

Additive Effects ◽

Vitamin Supplements ◽

Tube Closure

Neural tube defects (NTD) have been the object of more intense epidemiologic study than any other kind of birth defect. This is in part because of their ready recognition at birth (and, in recent years, before birth) and in part because their consequences are usually catastrophic: they kill or they cripple. Regarding their cause, no single genetic or environmental agent has been identified (or is likely to be) and a multifactorial basis is assumed. If failure of neural tube closure results from the additive effects of several adverse factors, removal or correction of any one might shift the developmental balance across the threshold from NTD to normality.

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Prevalence of Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) In And Around Varanasi Region: Some Observations

10.21203/rs.3.rs-814722/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vaibhav Pandey ◽

Surendra Kumar Pandey ◽

Praveen Kumar Tiwari ◽

Pragati Shakya ◽

Shashank Shekhar Jha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Tube ◽

Neural Tube Defects ◽

Birth Defect ◽

Neural Tube Closure ◽

The World ◽

Typical Type ◽

Males And Females ◽

One Year ◽

Congenital Disabilities ◽

Tube Closure

Abstract Congenital anomalies are one of the primary causes of infant mortality and disability in the world. Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) are the most typical type of birth defect resulting from the failure of Neural tube closure. In this retrospective hospital-based study, the data of the children affected byneural tube defects (NTDs) were analyzed. Prevalence of Hydrocephalous, Myelomeningocele (MMC), Encephalocele, Lipo MMC, Meningocele, Spina Bifida Occulta among children with more or less than one year of age and their occurrence in males and females was studied. The frequency of occurrence of cases of neural tube defects was significantly less among all the congenital disabilities, i.e., 5% of total cases studied. The prevalence of myelomeningocele, hydrocephalous, and Encephalocele was higher than other types of NTDs. This study concludes that the prevalence of hydrocephalous and myelomeningocele in this area raises a concern to have more research of their etiology.

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Sex differences in the prevalence of neural tube defects and preventive effects of folic acid (FA) supplementation among five counties in northern China: results from a population-based birth defect surveillance programme

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022565 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. e022565 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jufen Liu ◽

Jing Xie ◽

Zhiwen Li ◽

Nicholas D E Greene ◽

Aiguo Ren

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Folic Acid ◽

Neural Tube ◽

Neural Tube Defects ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Birth Defect ◽

Northern China ◽

Population Based ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Surveillance Programme

ObjectivesSex differences in prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) have previously been recognised; however, the different susceptibility of men and women have not been examined in relation to the effects of folic acid (FA) supplementation. We hypothesised that FA may have a disproportionate effect that alters the sex-specific prevalence of NTDs.SettingData from two time points, before (2003–2004) and after (2011–2016) the start of the supplementation programme, were obtained from a population-based birth defect surveillance programme among five counties in northern China. All live births (28 or more complete gestational weeks), all stillbirths of at least 20 weeks’ gestational age and pregnancy terminations at any gestational age following the prenatal diagnosis of NTDs were included.ParticipantsA total of 25 249 and 83 996 births before and after the programme were included respectively.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe prevalence of NTDs by sex and subtype, Male:female rate ratios and their 95% CI were calculated.ResultsOverall, NTDs were less prevalent among men than among women (rate ratio (RR) 0.92; 95% CI 0.90 to 0.94), so was anencephaly (RR 0.77; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.81) and encephalocele (RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.92), while spina bifida showed a male predominance (RR 1.10; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.15). The overall prevalence of NTDs decreased by 78/10 000 in men and 108.7/10 000 in women from 2003 to 2004 to 2011 to 2016. There was a significant sex difference in the magnitude of reduction, being greater in women than men, particularly for anencephaly.ConclusionsThe prevalence of NTDs decreased in both sexes after the implementation of a massive FA supplementation programme. While female predominance was observed in open NTDs and total NTDs, they also had a greater rate of decrease in NTDs after the supplementation programme.

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Identical twins with lumbosacral lipomyelomeningocele

Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics ◽

10.3171/2014.10.peds1494 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 92-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sara Hanaei ◽

Farideh Nejat ◽

Abolghasem Mortazavi ◽

Zohreh Habibi ◽

Arash Esmaeili ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Neural Tube ◽

Neural Tube Defects ◽

Birth Defect ◽

Identical Twins ◽

Multifactorial Disease ◽

Familial History ◽

History Of ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors

Lipomyelomeningocele, a congenital spine defect, is presented as skin-covered lipomatous tissue that attaches to the cord in different ways according to its subtypes. Unlike other types of neural tube defects, the exact cause of this birth defect has not been confirmed yet, but it is proposed to be a multifactorial disease with involvement of both genetic and environmental factors. The authors describe identical twins with lipomyelomeningocele of the same subtype and location without any familial history of similar abnormality. Therefore, the same genetic and/or environmental risk factors could have played a part in their condition.

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Prevalence and patterns of birth defects among newborns in Southwestern Ethiopia: Retrospective study

10.21203/rs.2.17559/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Soressa Abebe Geneti ◽

Girmai Gebru ◽

Demisew Amenu ◽

Lemessa Dube

Keyword(s):

Birth Defects ◽

Neural Tube ◽

Neural Tube Defects ◽

Birth Defect ◽

Normal Development ◽

Abnormal Development ◽

Intrauterine Development ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Southwestern Ethiopia

Abstract Background : Intrauterine development can be considered as normal development as well as abnormal development. Abnormal development commonly called birth defects occur because of interference of normal development from genetic disorders, environmental factors and the combination of both genetic and environment factors during the critical period of embryogenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and patterns of birth defects at birth in Southwestern Ethiopia. Methods : Institutions based cross-sectional study design was used. Six hospitals were selected from the existing hospitals in southwestern Ethiopia purposively based on case load. The study was conducted from September 2011 to December 2015 during which 45,951 deliveries were attained. All records of births that were occurred in the selected hospitals during the study period were identified from medical records, to locate the birth defect records. Results : Twenty-one different birth defects were recorded. Of these, 49.6 % of the birth defects recorded were Anencephaly and Hydrocephalus. Five types of birth defects namely: Anencephaly (25.0%), Hydrocephalus (24.6%), Spinal bifida (13.1%), Meningomyelocele (7.1%), and Umbilical hernia (4.8 %) accounted about three-fourth (75%) of all recorded birth defects. The present study revealed that the prevalence of the birth defects at birth was found to be 5.5 per 1000 births. Among twenty one birth defects identified in this study, the neural tube defects were the most frequent with prevalence rate of 4.1 per 1000 birth followed by gastrointestinal defects (0.7 per 1000 births) Conclusions: As compared to other study, the prevalence of birth defect identified in the present study was found to be higher. The neural tube defects were the most prevalent with the frequency of 4.05 cases per 1000.The present study also identified that nearly equal proportions of birth defect occurred among males and females newborns. The majority of the mother who gave birth to birth defects was younger than 35 years old. As the birth defect was found to be a main cases of infant mortality and morbidity, there need to an urgent interventions to control the cases.

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Neural Tube Defects in Costa Rica, 1987–2012: Origins and Development of Birth Defect Surveillance and Folic Acid Fortification

Maternal and Child Health Journal ◽

10.1007/s10995-014-1542-8 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 583-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

María de la Paz Barboza-Argüello ◽

Lila M. Umaña-Solís ◽

Alejandro Azofeifa ◽

Diana Valencia ◽

Alina L. Flores ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Neural Tube ◽

Neural Tube Defects ◽

Birth Defect ◽

Folic Acid Fortification

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Prevalence and patterns of birth defects among newborns in Southwestern Ethiopia: Retrospective study

10.21203/rs.2.17559/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Soressa Abebe Geneti ◽

Girmai Gebru ◽

Demisew Amenu ◽

Lemessa Dube

Keyword(s):

Birth Defects ◽

Neural Tube ◽

Neural Tube Defects ◽

Birth Defect ◽

Normal Development ◽

Abnormal Development ◽

Intrauterine Development ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Southwestern Ethiopia

Abstract Background : Intrauterine development can be considered as normal development as well as abnormal development. Abnormal development commonly called birth defects occur because of interference of normal development from genetic disorders, environmental factors and the combination of both genetic and environment factors during the critical period of embryogenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and patterns of birth defects at birth in Southwestern Ethiopia. Methods : Institutions based cross-sectional study design was used. Six hospitals were selected from the existing hospitals in southwestern Ethiopia purposively based on case load. The study was conducted from September 2011 to December 2015 during which 45,951 deliveries were attained. All records of births that were occurred in the selected hospitals during the study period were identified from medical records, to locate the birth defect records.Results : Twenty-one different birth defects were recorded. Of these, 49.6 % of the birth defects recorded were Anencephaly and Hydrocephalus. Five types of birth defects namely: Anencephaly (25.0%), Hydrocephalus (24.6%), Spinal bifida (13.1%), Meningomyelocele (7.1%), and Umbilical hernia (4.8 %) accounted about three-fourth (75%) of all recorded birth defects. The present study revealed that the prevalence of the birth defects at birth was found to be 5.5 per 1000 births. Among twenty one birth defects identified in this study, the neural tube defects were the most frequent with prevalence rate of 4.1 per 1000 birth followed by gastrointestinal defects (0.7 per 1000 births)Conclusions: As compared to other study, the prevalence of birth defect identified in the present study was found to be higher. The neural tube defects were the most prevalent with the frequency of 4.05 cases per 1000.The present study also identified that nearly equal proportions of birth defect occurred among males and females newborns. The majority of the mother who gave birth to birth defects was younger than 35 years old. As the birth defect was found to be a main cases of infant mortality and morbidity, there need to an urgent interventions to control the cases.

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The Puzzling Epidemiology of Neural Tube Defects

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.65.3.636 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 636-638

Author(s):

Edward A. Mortimer

Keyword(s):

Neural Tube ◽

Neural Tube Defects ◽

Birth Defect ◽

Rudyard Kipling ◽

Specific Mechanism

Elucidating the cause of disease is often not easy and may require answers to many questions. Perhaps the most important questions have been rather simply stated in verse by Rudyard Kipling.1 I keep six honest serving men; (They taught me all I knew) Their names are What and Why and When and How and Where and Who. In terms of neural tube defects, many of these servants of Mr Kipling have provided valuable epidemiologic clues as to the cause of neural tube defects (NTDs),2 but the specific mechanism responsible for this disabling birth defect has so far escaped definition.

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