The release of organic pollutants in nature with different forms are treat to the environment and living organism. Particularly, monitoring of the presence of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are of great interest due to the fact that they accumulate in soil, water-resources and living organisms and can contaminate food as well. Sensitive and selective detection of PAHs are critical because of the fact that strict regulations governed by national and/international organizations may require different firm value for minimum-allowed concentrations for each PAHs in addition to the total allowed PAHs concentrations. Therefore, analytical and bioanalytical techniques based on different principles have been developed to reach optimized sensitivity and selectivity. Among these techniques, mass spectroscopy coupled chromatographic methods including liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC), and those coupled with spectroscopy are in use to monitor the level and type of the PAH for about 90 years. In addition to these, in last 50 years, biosensors were introduced in detection of PAHs. Particularly, whole-cell based (e.g. engineered yeast cells) and affinity-based (e.g. ELISA) biosensors are currently hot research topics for their simplicity and versatility. In this review, for PAHs detection, historical perspectives, status and outlook along with suggestions are discussed.
Improving the functionality of surface-engineered yeast cells by altering the cell wall morphology of the host strain
