Enzymatic synthesis of L-lactic acid from carbon dioxide and ethanol with an inherent cofactor regeneration cycle

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Tong ◽  
Bilal El-Zahab ◽  
Xueyan Zhao ◽  
Youyan Liu ◽  
Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Cofactor Regeneration ◽  
Regeneration Cycle

Nanocellular and needle-like structures in poly(l-lactic acid) using spherulite templates and supercritical carbon dioxide

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (46) ◽  
pp. 36320-36324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junsong Li ◽  
Guangjian He ◽  
Xia Liao ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

The random nanocells and the radial needle-like cells are formed in the interlamellar amorphous regions of spherulites in PLLA.

scholarly journals Lactic Acid Formation and Carbon Dioxide Fixation

Nature ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 180 (4594) ◽  
pp. 1053-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. BARBER
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fixation ◽  
Acid Formation

scholarly journals The Active Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide into the Swim-Bladder of Fish

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1209-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. KUHN ◽  
E. MARTI
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Bladder Pressure ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Rete Mirabile ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Gas Gland ◽  
Counter Current ◽  
Good Agreement

The active transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide into the swim-bladder of fish is discussed. The rete mirabile is a capillary network which is involved in the gas secretion into the bladder. The rete is regarded as a counter-current multiplier. Lactic acid which is produced in the gas gland generates in the rete single concentrating effects for oxygen and carbon dioxide; i.e., for equal partial pressures the concentrations of the gases in the afferent rete capillaries are higher than those in the efferent ones. The single concentrating effects were calculated from measurements of sea robin blood (Root, 1931). The multiplication of these effects within the rete for different rete lengths and different transport rates was numerically evaluated. The calculated O2 and CO2 pressures in the bladder are in good agreement with the experimental results of Scholander and van Dam (1953). The descent velocities at equilibrium between bladder pressure and hydrostatic pressure are discussed for fishes with different rete lengths.

The Relations Between Yolk and White in the Hen'S Egg

1931 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-329
Author(s):  
JOSEPH NEEDHAM ◽  
MARJORY STEPHENSON ◽  
DOROTHY MOYLE NEEDHAM
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Vitelline Membrane ◽  
Aerobic Respiration ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Hen’S Egg

1. The vitelline membrane of the infertile hen's egg exhibits no dehydrase activity. 2. The vitelline membrane has no measurable aerobic respiration in vitro, nor has the yolk of the infertile egg. This confirms the view that the carbon dioxide production of the intact egg is not the result of any true respiration. 3. When incubated anaerobically in vitro, bacteriologically sterile yolk produces consistently small amounts of lactic acid. 4. This glycolysis is not the result of any catalytic activity of the vitelline membrane, but takes place throughout the substance of the yolk. 5. Under similar conditions, bacteriologically sterile yolk produces small amounts of a substance or substances estimatable as ethyl alcohol. 6. If the yolk suspension is bacterially contaminated, however, lactic acid and alcohol are produced in amounts closely similar to those found by earlier workers on this subject. 7. The heat of glycolysis, under anaerobic conditions, calculated from the amounts of lactic acid experimentally found to be formed, is of the same order as (a) the calculated requirement of the vitelline membrane (Straub), and (b) the observed heat production (Langworthy and Barott). Thus even if the vitelline membrane is capable of using energy to do osmotic work, the yolk is only capable of supplying it by means of its glycolytic mechanism if the whole energy output of the whole yolk can be made available for doing work at the membrane.

Influence of odour plume structure on upwind flight of mosquitoes towards hosts

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (12) ◽  
pp. 1639-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Geier ◽  
O.J. Bosch ◽  
J. Boeckh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Activation Effect ◽  
Upwind Flight ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Plume Structure ◽  
Odour Plume ◽  
Initial Activation ◽  
Odour Plumes

Both the concentration and the fine-scale plume structure of host odours influence the upwind flight of female mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) in a wind tunnel. The attractive effects of carbon dioxide, human skin odour and l-(+)-lactic acid were tested in homogeneous, turbulent and filamentous odour plumes. With carbon dioxide, the percentage of upwind-flying mosquitoes increased with the increasing fluctuations in concentration that occur in turbulent and filamentous plumes. In homogeneous plumes, an initial activation effect was observed, but sustained upwind flights were less frequent than in the other plumes. The opposite was found with plumes of human skin odour: the highest number of mosquitoes flew upwind in the homogeneous plume, whereas in turbulent or filamentous plumes their numbers were significantly lower. Regardless of plume type, the percentage of upwind-flying mosquitoes increased with increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide and of skin odour. With l-(+)-lactic acid, the dose-response characteristics were not consistent, and the relative effects of different plume types upon upwind flights differed within different ranges of concentration. Even maximum reactions to this compound were modest compared with those to carbon dioxide or to skin odour. Our findings demonstrate (1) that mosquitoes are able to orient upwind under continuous odour stimulation and (2) that upwind flight is dependent upon plume structure in different ways for different host odour components.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document