Evaluation of the factors affecting avicel reactivity using multi-stage enzymatic hydrolysis

Abstract Background & Objective: Bullying behavior in adolescence as a global and a public health problem is of great interest in adolescence due to mental illness, violence, and tobacco addiction in adulthood. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of both bullying and victim behaviors at all educational levels in Kerman. Methodology: This is a survey study, in which the study population are all students at three educational levels in Kerman. Multi-stage sampling method is used. To investigate the prevalence of bullying behavior, the Iranian version of the questionnaire is used, which is based on the Olweus bullying questionnaire. Results: The bullying rates at elementary, middle school, and high school are estimated at 25.1%, 17.8%, and 39.7%, respectively. Bullying rate is 7.13% among girls and 14.72% among boys. The results of our study show that the most important factors affecting bullying are gender, parental literacy, living with parents, type of school, economic and social status, educational level, and school size. Conclusion: Due to the impact of policies at different educational levels, policymakers should pay special attention to perform bullying control programs at the school level based on the school environment variables, and policies in this area should be designed, reviewed, and modified.

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Total factor productivity (TFP) of productive resources used in homestead poultry broiler farms in Niger state of Nigeria

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1901101s ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 101-119

Author(s):

Sadiq Sanusi ◽

Singh Paul ◽

Ahmad Muhammad ◽

Lawal Muhammad

Keyword(s):

Total Factor Productivity ◽

Labour Force ◽

Factor Productivity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Gender Status ◽

Productive Labour ◽

Management Techniques ◽

Partnership Synergy

The present research measured the total factor productivity (TFP) of productive resources used in homestead poultry broiler farms in Niger State of Nigeria, using a structured questionnaire complemented with an interview schedule to collect cross-sectional data from a drawn sample size of 97 active broiler producers via the multi-stage sampling design. The data analyses were performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings from the study showed evidence of a productive labour force in the enterprise, literate farming population with a sustainable household size typical of African agrarian settings. The enterprise was found to be profitable in the studied area. Furthermore, findings showed that more than half of the sampling population was productive in the utilisation of their input resources, which may be due to technical awareness of the modern poultry management techniques in the studied area. Thereafter, it was observed that gender status, experience, capital source and operational capital were the factors affecting TFP of the farmers. Therefore, the study recommends gender sensitisation and the need for public private partnership synergy to explore the untapped potentials in this sub-sector in the studied area as almost half of the farmers were found not to be productive in the utilisation of their resources.

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Acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation from different pulp and paper manufacturing process side-streams

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.4.9265-9290 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 9265-9290

Author(s):

Sandra Sandar ◽

Ming Yang ◽

Ossi Turunen ◽

Jouko Vepsäläinen ◽

Ari Pappinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Manufacturing Process ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Dilute Acid Pretreatment ◽

Acid Pretreatment ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Paper Manufacturing ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Acetone Butanol Ethanol

The pulp and paper industry produces a diverse range of side-streams from multi-stage processes, but these remain underutilized despite their high potential for use as biofuels. This study investigated acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 1731 from the side-streams of three different stages of the pulp and paper manufacturing process (PI, PII, and PIII). Biomass specimens with and without water washing were pretreated with 0.2% H2SO4 at 180 °C for 10 min, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis, to obtain fermentable sugars. The results showed that the produced ABE solvent concentrations were 12.8 g/L, 5.2 g/L, and 6.3 g/L from PI, PII, and PIII, respectively. The butanol yields of PI, PII, and PIII were 0.25, 0.18, and 0.19 g/g sugars, respectively. Among the tested side-streams, PI was shown to have potential as a feedstock for butanol production without prewashing prior to dilute acid pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and microbial fermentation.

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Determinants of Life Satisfaction among Female-Headed Households in Malaysia

International Journal of Business and Society ◽

10.33736/ijbs.3175.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 276-295

Author(s):

Mohamad Fazli Sabri ◽

Thinagaran Moga Dass ◽

Nik Ahmad Sufian Burhan ◽

Husniyah Abdul Rahim @ Abdul Wahab ◽

Rusitha Wijekoon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Locus Of Control ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Financial Vulnerability ◽

Financial Capability ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Female Headed Households ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

Female-headed households in Malaysia have been a financially vulnerable community in the society where their life satisfaction becomes a question. Therefore, this study aims to determine the factors affecting life satisfaction among female-headed households in Malaysia. A total of 527 respondents who are single, divorced, separated or widowed women, with children in the home including those on public assistance participated in this study which adapted a multi-stage sampling method using self-administered questionnaire. The results show that locus of control, religiosity, financial capability, and financial vulnerability have positive significant relationships with life satisfaction. The multiple regressions show that locus of control, religiosity, financial capability, and financial vulnerability are significant determinants of life satisfaction among female-headed household in Malaysia. More knowledge, and enhancement through financial workshops could be helpful to empower female-headed household on the use of modern financial instruments. Hence, able to increase financial capability and reduce financial vulnerability of female-headed households in Malaysia towards a better life satisfaction.

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