Chemical Diversity of the Natural Populations of Dalmatian Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium(Trevir.)Sch.Bip.) in Croatia

Valeriana jatamansiJones is an important medicinal plant that grows wild in Himachal Pradesh, India. Molecular and biochemical diversity among 13 natural populations from Himachal Pradesh was assessed using RAPD and GC-MS to know the extent of existing variation. A total of seven genetically diverse groups have been identified based on RAPD analysis which corroborated well with the analysis based on chemical constituents. The essential oil yield ranged from 0.6% to 1.66% (v/w). A negative correlation between patchouli alcohol and viridiflorol, the two major valued constituents, limits the scope of their simultaneous improvement. However, other few populations like Chamba-II and Kandi-I were found promising for viridiflorol and patchouli alcohol, respectively. The analysis of chemical constitution of oil of the populations from a specific region revealed predominance of specific constituents indicating possibility of their collection/selection for specific end uses like phytomedicines. The prevalence of genetically diverse groups along with sufficient chemical diversity in a defined region clearly indicates the role of ecology in the maintenance of evolution of this species. Sufficient molecular and biochemical diversity detected among natural populations of this species will form basis for the future improvement.

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Free Radical-Scavenging Capacities, Phenolics and Capsaicinoids in Wild Piquin Chili (Capsicum annuum var. Glabriusculum)

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23102655 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 2655 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yolanda Moreno-Ramírez ◽

Guillermo Martínez-Ávila ◽

Víctor González-Hernández ◽

Cecilia Castro-López ◽

Jorge Torres-Castillo

Keyword(s):

Free Radical ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Free Radical Scavenging ◽

Chemical Diversity ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Radical Scavenging Capacity ◽

Scavenging Capacity

The total phenolic compounds content, free radical-scavenging capacity and capsaicinoid content in populations of wild Piquin chili (C. annuum) were studied. Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts from nine ecotypes were evaluated. High contents of phenolic compounds and free radical-scavenging capacities were observed for both extracts; however, the values that were found for the hydroalcoholic phase were substantially higher. LC-MS analysis allowed for the detection of 32 compounds, where apigenin-8-C-glucoside followed by vanillic acid 1-O-β-o-glucopyranosylester (Isomer I or II) and 7-ethoxy-4-methylcoumarin were the most widely distributed; they were found in more than 89% of the ecotypes. The diversity of identified phenolic compounds was different among ecotypes, allowing them to be distinguished by chemical diversity, free radical-scavenging capacities and heat Scoville units. The total capsaicinoid content was higher in Population I (23.5 mg/g DW) than in Populations II and III, which had contents of 15.3 and 10.7 mg/g DW, respectively. This variability could lead to phytochemical exploitation and the conservation of the natural populations of wild chili.

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Chemical diversity of essential oil of the Moroccan endemic Origanum grosii in natural populations and after transplantation

South African Journal of Botany ◽

10.1016/j.sajb.2019.05.014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 124 ◽

pp. 151-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Bakha ◽

M. Gibernau ◽

F. Tomi ◽

N. Machon ◽

A. Khiraoui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Chemical Diversity

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Genetic structure and chemical diversity in natural populations of Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) J.F.Gmel. (Rubiaceae)

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0205667 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. e0205667 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Isabela Cristina G. Honório ◽

Juliana S. Coppede ◽

Piero G. Delprete ◽

Frederico Henrique S. Costa ◽

Mariana P. C. Telles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Structure ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Chemical Diversity

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Morphological and Chemical Variation of Wild Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Populations

Forests ◽

10.3390/f13010055 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Igor Poljak ◽

Nada Vahčić ◽

Zlatko Liber ◽

Zlatko Šatović ◽

Marilena Idžojtić

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Castanea Sativa ◽

Chemical Diversity ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Sweet Chestnut ◽

Chemical Variability ◽

Castanea Sativa Mill ◽

Nut Production

Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill., Fagaceae) is one of the oldest cultivated tree species in the Mediterranean, providing multiple benefits, and, since it has edible seeds, it represents an interesting model species for the research of morphological and chemical variability. In this study, morphometric methods and chemical analyses were used to quantify the extent of differences in phenotypic and nutritional traits between eight natural populations of sweet chestnut from different environmental conditions, where different management types are applied, high-forest and coppice. The samples were collected from the Prealps in Italy to the western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In total, 31 nut and kernel morphometric and nutritional traits were studied on 160 trees, and various multivariate statistical analyses were used to study intra- and interpopulation variations. Both analyses, morphometric and chemical, revealed a similar pattern of diversity, with morphological and chemical variability not associated with geographic or environmental variables. In addition, we found significant correlations between morphometric and chemical data. High phenotypic variability was determined both among and within the studied populations, and all populations had a similar level of diversity. The results of the analysis of morphological and chemical diversity can have many practical applications for the management, production, and conservation of the sweet chestnut genetic resources for nut production.

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High-voltage electron microscopy of maxillary gland of spirochete-infected brine shrimp: lesion of efferent tubule

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103875 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 362-363

Author(s):

G. E. Tyson ◽

M. J. Song

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

High Voltage ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽

Voltage Electron ◽

High Voltage Electron ◽

Infected Adult

Natural populations of the brine shrimp, Artemia, may possess spirochete- infected animals in low numbers. The ultrastructure of Artemia's spirochete has been described by conventional transmission electron microscopy. In infected shrimp, spirochetal cells were abundant in the blood and also occurred intra- and extracellularly in the three organs examined, i.e. the maxillary gland (segmental excretory organ), the integument, and certain muscles The efferent-tubule region of the maxillary gland possessed a distinctive lesion comprised of a group of spirochetes, together with numerous small vesicles, situated in a cave-like indentation of the base of the tubule epithelium. in some instances the basal lamina at a lesion site was clearly discontinuous. High-voltage electron microscopy has now been used to study lesions of the efferent tubule, with the aim of understanding better their three-dimensional structure.Tissue from one maxillary gland of an infected, adult, female brine shrimp was used for HVEM study.

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Effect of acid deposition on trichome morphology and dogwood anthracnose biology

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100124604 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 840-841

Author(s):

Kyle T. Thornham ◽

R. Jay Stipes ◽

Randolph L. Grayson

Keyword(s):

Acid Deposition ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Tree Disease ◽

Flowering Dogwood ◽

Discula Destructiva ◽

Disease Induction ◽

Dogwood Anthracnose ◽

Trichome Morphology ◽

Precipitation Events

Dogwood anthracnose, caused by Discula destructiva (1), is another new catastrophic tree disease that has ravaged natural populations of the flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) in the Appalachians over the past 15 years, and the epidemic is prognosticated to continue (2). An estimated 9.5 million acres have been affected, primarily in the Appalachian Mountains, from VA southwards, alone, and an estimated 50% of all dogwoods in PA have been killed. Since acid deposition has been linked experimentally with disease induction, and since the disease incidence and severity are more pronounced at higher elevations where lower pH precipitation events occur, we investigated the effect of acidic foliar sprays on moiphologic changes in the foliar cuticle and trichomes (3), the initial sites of infection and foci of Discula sporulation.

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