China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) is a test tokamak reactor being designed in China to bridge the gap between International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and future fusion power plant. As one of the candidates, a water-cooled solid breeder blanket based on pressurized water and supercritical water conditions were proposed. In the concept, multiplying layers separated by three breeding layers were designed and optimized for higher tritium breeding ratio (TBR) and uniform heat distribution. This blanket adopts the Li2TiO3 lithium ceramic pebbles as the breeder, while beryllium pebbles as the neutron multiplier. In this paper, the thermal and fluid dynamic analyses of the optimized blanket on both water conditions were performed by numerical simulation, to discuss thermo-hydraulic performance of the blanket using pressurized water/supercritical water as its coolant. At first, the neutronic analysis was performed and based on the typical outboard equatorial blanket. Then, thermal and fluid dynamic analysis of the 3D model was carried out by CFX with fluid–solid coupling approach. It was found that the blanket can be effectively cooled on both water conditions, certified the feasibility of the blanket design with pressurized/supercritical water conditions. It indicated that supercritical water blanket had smaller safety margin than pressurized water blanket, but supercritical water blanket would lead to higher outlet temperature, thermal conductivity, and heat exchange efficiency also. In addition, the beryllium fraction was considered as one of the dominant factor, which leading a higher TBR in our simulations.
Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin