ChemInform Abstract: Bringing the Science of Proteins into the Realm of Organic Chemistry: Total Chemical Synthesis of SEP (Synthetic Erythropoiesis Protein)

ChemInform ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Stephen B. H. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Synthesis

scholarly journals Extraction of organic chemistry grammar from unsupervised learning of chemical reactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. eabe4166
Author(s):  
Philippe Schwaller ◽  
Benjamin Hoover ◽  
Jean-Louis Reymond ◽  
Hendrik Strobelt ◽  
Teodoro Laino
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Unsupervised Learning ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Atom Mapping ◽  
Mapping Information

Humans use different domain languages to represent, explore, and communicate scientific concepts. During the last few hundred years, chemists compiled the language of chemical synthesis inferring a series of “reaction rules” from knowing how atoms rearrange during a chemical transformation, a process called atom-mapping. Atom-mapping is a laborious experimental task and, when tackled with computational methods, requires continuous annotation of chemical reactions and the extension of logically consistent directives. Here, we demonstrate that Transformer Neural Networks learn atom-mapping information between products and reactants without supervision or human labeling. Using the Transformer attention weights, we build a chemically agnostic, attention-guided reaction mapper and extract coherent chemical grammar from unannotated sets of reactions. Our method shows remarkable performance in terms of accuracy and speed, even for strongly imbalanced and chemically complex reactions with nontrivial atom-mapping. It provides the missing link between data-driven and rule-based approaches for numerous chemical reaction tasks.

scholarly journals Discussion on catalytic reactions at high pressures

1930 ◽  
Vol 127 (805) ◽  
pp. 240-267 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Catalytic Reactions ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Boiling Points ◽  
Systematic Development

The study of catalytic reactions under high pres­sure began with the systematic development of organic chemistry and more especially in connection with the preparation of intermediates required in the production of synthetic colouring matters. The General Use of Pressure in Chemical Synthesis . Pressure is employed as an aid to chemical reactions for one or both of the following reasons :— 1. Pressure diminishes the volatility of chemical reagents, thus retaining them in the liquid phase even when the chemical reactions involved take place at temperatures above the boiling points of these reagents under atmospheric conditions.

scholarly journals A Cysteine Selenosulfide Redox Switch for Protein Chemical Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Diemer ◽  
Nathalie Ollivier ◽  
Bérénice Leclercq ◽  
Hervé Drobecq ◽  
Jérôme Vicogne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Native Chemical Ligation ◽  
Chemical Ligation ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Redox Switch ◽  
Nitrogen Bonds ◽  
Hepatocyte Growth

The control of cysteine reactivity is of paramount importance for the synthesis of proteins using the native chemical ligation (NCL) reaction. We discovered that this goal can be achieved in a traceless manner during ligation by appending a simple N-selenoethyl group to cysteine. While in synthetic organic chemistry the cleavage of carbon-nitrogen bonds is notoriously difficult, we found that N-selenoethyl cysteine (SetCys) loses its selenoethyl arm in water under mild conditions upon reduction of its selenosulfide bond. Detailed mechanistic investigations uncover a novel mode of reactivity for Cys. Its implementation in a process enabling the modular and straightforward assembly of linear or backbone cyclized polypeptides is illustrated by the synthesis of biologically active cyclic hepatocyte growth factor variants.<br>

scholarly journals Cluster Preface: Biocatalysis

Synlett ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 223-223
Author(s):  
Todd K. Hyster
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Product Selectivity ◽  
Important Field

Enzymes are valuable catalysts in chemical synthesis because they offer levels of efficiency and product selectivity that surpass what can be achieved using traditional catalytic strategies. This Cluster highlights advances in this important field, highlighting different ways in which biocatalysis can be used in organic chemistry.

scholarly journals A Cysteine Selenosulfide Redox Switch for Protein Chemical Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Diemer ◽  
Nathalie Ollivier ◽  
Bérénice Leclercq ◽  
Hervé Drobecq ◽  
Jérôme Vicogne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Native Chemical Ligation ◽  
Chemical Ligation ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Redox Switch ◽  
Nitrogen Bonds ◽  
Hepatocyte Growth

The control of cysteine reactivity is of paramount importance for the synthesis of proteins using the native chemical ligation (NCL) reaction. We discovered that this goal can be achieved in a traceless manner during ligation by appending a simple N-selenoethyl group to cysteine. While in synthetic organic chemistry the cleavage of carbon-nitrogen bonds is notoriously difficult, we found that N-selenoethyl cysteine (SetCys) loses its selenoethyl arm in water under mild conditions upon reduction of its selenosulfide bond. Detailed mechanistic investigations uncover a novel mode of reactivity for Cys. Its implementation in a process enabling the modular and straightforward assembly of linear or backbone cyclized polypeptides is illustrated by the synthesis of biologically active cyclic hepatocyte growth factor variants.<br>

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