Intensifying wheat mono‐cropping with forage rape had no effect on water use efficiency but decreased the system radiation use efficiency in a semiarid region of China

Crop Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqiang Deng ◽  
Zhixin Zhang ◽  
Hong Ni ◽  
Xingfa Lai ◽  
Samaila Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Forage Rape ◽  
Radiation Use

Temperature and water availability effects on radiation and water use efficiencies in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Collino ◽  
J. L. Dardanelli ◽  
M. J. De Luca ◽  
R. W. Racca
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Alfalfa, the most important forage crop in Argentina, shows considerable variability in forage production caused by variations in inter-annual rainfall and intra-annual radiation and temperature regimes. Such variation may affect radiation use efficiency and water use efficiency. This paper seeks to study the effects of temperature and water availability on radiation use efficiency and water use efficiency. We conducted the experiment in Córdoba, Argentina, under irrigated and droughted conditions. Drought was imposed by mobile rainout shelters during 3 consecutive periods. We measured forage, intercepted photosynthetically active radiation and water use to calculate radiation use efficiency and water use efficiency between cuttings. Under irrigation, radiation use efficiency and water use efficiency normalised by daytime vapour pressure deficit, were not limited by mean temperature above 21.3 and 21.9°C, respectively. Below those critical values, both variables decreased consistently with temperature decrements. Under drought, radiation use efficiency tended to decrease and water use efficiency tended to increase. In addition, the relationship between relative dry matter and relative water use was not linear, as reported in previous studies for annual crops.

Plasticity of wheat grain yield is associated with plasticity of ear number

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Sadras ◽  
G. J. Rebetzke
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Environmental Responsiveness ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Radiation Use ◽  
Ear Number

Here we propose that the perspective of phenotypic plasticity can enhance our understanding of the role of fertile tillers in accommodating environmental variation. We tested the hypothesis that the plasticity of yield correlates with the plasticity of ear number using free-tillering (–tin) and reduced-tillering (+tin) sister wheat lines in two genetic backgrounds, Lang and Silverstar. Crops were grown in 10 rainfed environments resulting from the combination of seasons, sites, nitrogen rates, and sowing dates. The combination of lines and environments generated a range from 157 to 357 ears m–2 at harvest, and a yield range from 1.9 to 4.2 t ha–1. Plasticity was quantified with two methods, slopes of reaction norms and variance ratios; both methods returned the same ranking of lines for both ear number and yield. The tin allele reduced the plasticity of both ear number and yield in Lang but not in Silverstar. The reduced plasticity associated with the tin allele in Lang had two components: a small reduction in ear number under low-yielding conditions, and a large reduction in the capacity to respond to higher yielding environments. Consistent with our working hypothesis, plasticity of yield and plasticity of ear number were correlated (R2 = 0.81, P = 0.01). Plasticity of ear number was associated with the plasticity of shoot biomass at harvest (R2 = 0.74, P = 0.006), and plasticity of biomass was associated with the plasticity of yield (R2 = 0.86, P = 0.0009). This suggests that the environmental responsiveness of yield was partially mediated by the environmental responsiveness of fertile tillers. We found positive correlations between plasticity of ear number and plasticity of several traits including biomass, radiation-use efficiency and water-use efficiency, and a negative correlation between plasticity of ear number and plasticity of seeds per ear. Ear number per se was unrelated to biomass, radiation-use efficiency, water-use efficiency, and seeds per ear. We conclude that a dual focus on traits per se and their plasticity is a fruitful approach to understand the phenotype, particularly when genotype × environment interaction is large.

scholarly journals A Review of Modeled Water Use Efficiency of Highly Productive Perennial Grasses Useful for Bioenergy

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Kiniry ◽  
Sumin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Whole plant productivity is obviously the ultimate product of leaf photosynthesis and this has led to numerous efforts to relate the two. However, often with perennial grasses, plant productivity is more sink-limited than source-limited, causing the linkage between the photosynthetic rate and productivity to be weak or nonexistent. This has led to a different approach, characterizing plant productivity in terms of the efficiency of intercepted light use in producing biomass, also called radiation use efficiency. Likewise, the efficiency of the use of water to produce plant biomass, or water use efficiency, has been the object of much interest. The use of a simulation model to quantify biomass, using radiation use efficiency in parallel with a daily water balance simulation, allows for the effective calculation of water use efficiency. In this project, the process of determining radiation use efficiency with field data is described, as well as example values for highly productive perennial grasses useful for feedstock for bioenergy. In addition, values of water use efficiency for these grasses are reported and compared with other perennial grasses and common cultivated crops.

scholarly journals The Interrelationship Between Water Use Efficiency and Radiation Use Efficiency Under Progressive Soil Drying in Maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huailin Zhou ◽  
Guangsheng Zhou ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Xiaomin Lv ◽  
Yuhe Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

The maximizing of water use efficiency (WUE) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) is vital to improving crop production in dryland farming systems. However, the fundamental question as to the association of WUE with RUE and its underlying mechanism under limited-water availability remains contentious. Here, a two-year field trial for maize designed with five progressive soil drying regimes applied at two different growth stages (three-leaf stage and seven-leaf stage) was conducted during the 2013–2014 growing seasons. Both environmental variables and maize growth traits at the leaf and canopy levels were measured during the soil drying process. The results showed that leaf WUE increased with irrigation reduction at the early stage, while it decreased with irrigation reduction at the later stage. Leaf RUE thoroughly decreased with irrigation reduction during the progressive soil drying process. Aboveground biomass (AGB), leaf area index (LAI), a fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR), and light extinction coefficient (k) of the maize canopy were significantly decreased by water deficits regardless of the growth stages when soil drying applied. The interrelationships between WUE and RUE were linear across the leaf and canopy scales under different soil drying patterns. Specifically, a positive linear relationship between WUE and RUE are unexpectedly found when soil drying was applied at the three-leaf stage, while it turned out to be negative when soil drying was applied at the seven-leaf stage. Moreover, the interaction between canopy WUE and RUE was more regulated by fAPAR than LAI under soil drying. Our findings suggest that more attention must be paid to fAPAR in evaluating the effect of drought on crops and may bring new insights into the interrelationships of water and radiation use processes in dryland agricultural ecosystems.

scholarly journals Optimized Regulated Deficit Irrigation Management for Watermelon Cultivation in a Semiarid Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Kelly Nascimento Leite ◽  
Daniel Fonseca de Carvalho ◽  
Jose Maria Tarjuelo Martin- Benito ◽  
Geocleber Gomes de Sousa ◽  
Alfonso Dominguez Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Use Efficiency

The present study aimed to validate the MOPECO crop simulation model and to determine a viable irrigation management for watermelon in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil, using methodologies of optimized regulated deficit irrigation (ORDI) and constant deficit irrigation (CDI). The experiment was carried out during October to December 2013 and the second one from July to August 2014 in plots of land of producers in the Baixo Acaraú Irrigated Perimeter – Ceará, Brazil. Treatments were characterized by ORDI management (70, 80, 90% ETa/ETm ratio) and CDI management along the entire cycle (70, 80 and 90% ETm) and control treatment, irrigated with 100% of the water requirement of the crop (ETm). In terms of saving of water resources, the results showed that management with regulated deficit irrigation leads to favorable and economically viable results for the farmer, of water saving, especially in a situation of severe water scarcity, irrigation management with regulated water deficit (ORDI) can provide favorable and economically viable results for the farmer. The highest value of WUE (41.8 kg m-3) was obtained with the treatment of lowest water volume applied (352.1 L) in the second experiment, decreasing with the increase in the water volume used. The ORDI methodology represents a better water use efficiency for all treatments of deficit applied compared to CDI treatments. The difference of ORDI and CDI methodology provided an increase of up to 200% in the gross margin obtained with the exploration of the watermelon culture which represents a range of R$ 986.00 in profit in a situation of water scarcity, as in the case of the studied region, the strategy with water supply of 70% of ETa/ETm ratio regulated by phenological stage was recommended in order to obtain highest water use efficiency.

Growth Response and Productivity of Sorghum for Bioenergy Production in South Texas

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1207-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose C. Chavez ◽  
Juan Enciso ◽  
Girisha Ganjegunte ◽  
Nithya Rajan ◽  
John Jifon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
South Texas ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Biomass Sorghum ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Abstract. Biomass sorghum ( (L.) Moench) is widely recognized for its high biomass yield potential, high efficiency in converting solar energy into biomass, and high efficiency in water use for biofuel production. Therefore, it could be a sustainable alternative to traditional food/feed crops in south Texas. The objectives of this investigation were to: (1) quantify the growth response and dry biomass productivity of a forage sorghum hybrid (Pioneer 877F) and two high-biomass sorghum hybrids (Blade ES 5140 and Blade ES 5200) in south Texas, (2) determine the radiation use efficiency (RUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) of the sorghum hybrids over two years, and (3) identify variations in WUE and water used among the hybrids. The experiments were conducted at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at Weslaco, Texas, during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons. There were significant differences among hybrids during the two years in dry biomass, RUE, and WUE. The highest productivities and efficiencies were observed in the biomass hybrids. Blade ES 5200 produced an average dry biomass of 32.8 Mg ha-1 with a leaf area index (LAI) of 6.0 m2 m-2, RUE of 4.92 g MJ-1, and WUE of 6.98 kg m-3. In contrast to the biomass hybrids, the forage hybrid produced the lowest yields. The average dry biomass observed was 20.9 Mg ha-1 with an LAI of 2.6 m2 m-2, RUE of 3.52 g MJ-1, and WUE of 4.28 kg m-3. Our results show that biomass sorghum hybrids can produce up to 66% more biomass than forage hybrids, and they have potential for producing as much as 33 Mg ha-1 with 530 mm of water using drip irrigation in south Texas. Keywords: Biomass sorghum, Crop growth rate, Radiation use efficiency, Water use efficiency.

Water deficit effects on sweet corn. I. Water use, radiation use efficiency, growth, and yield

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Stone ◽  
D. R. Wilson ◽  
J. B. Reid ◽  
R. N. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Moisture Deficit ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

The responses of sweet corn biomass and yield to timing and severity of water deficit were determined in an experiment using a mobile rainshelter. Six irrigation treatments were applied such that plots experienced: (1) no water deficit; (2) full water deficit; (3) moderate pre-silking deficit; (4) severe pre-silking deficit; (5) moderate post-silking deficit; or (6) severe post-silking deficit. Drought was quantified using the concept of potential soil moisture deficit, which was calculated from climatic data. Potential soil moisture deficit can be related simply to a wide range of plant performance variables, making it possible to compare the relative importance of variables in determining the overall response of the crop to drought. For all treatments, yield was related strongly to biomass, especially that accumulated after silking. Biomass, in turn, was reduced by water deficit, mainly because of reduced radiation use efficiency, but also because of reduced total radiation interception, particularly in early deficit treatments. Both water use efficiency and transpiration efficiency increased with water deficit, even though soil evaporation as a proportion of total water use also increased with deficit. There was no stage of crop development at which yield was particularly sensitive to water deficit, although yield components changed with timing of deficit. Importantly, measures of potential soil moisture deficit integrated the effects of timing and severity of drought, making it possible to simply and mechanistically account for the effects of water deficit on biomass and particularly yield.

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