scholarly journals The Interrelationship Between Water Use Efficiency and Radiation Use Efficiency Under Progressive Soil Drying in Maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huailin Zhou ◽  
Guangsheng Zhou ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Xiaomin Lv ◽  
Yuhe Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

The maximizing of water use efficiency (WUE) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) is vital to improving crop production in dryland farming systems. However, the fundamental question as to the association of WUE with RUE and its underlying mechanism under limited-water availability remains contentious. Here, a two-year field trial for maize designed with five progressive soil drying regimes applied at two different growth stages (three-leaf stage and seven-leaf stage) was conducted during the 2013–2014 growing seasons. Both environmental variables and maize growth traits at the leaf and canopy levels were measured during the soil drying process. The results showed that leaf WUE increased with irrigation reduction at the early stage, while it decreased with irrigation reduction at the later stage. Leaf RUE thoroughly decreased with irrigation reduction during the progressive soil drying process. Aboveground biomass (AGB), leaf area index (LAI), a fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR), and light extinction coefficient (k) of the maize canopy were significantly decreased by water deficits regardless of the growth stages when soil drying applied. The interrelationships between WUE and RUE were linear across the leaf and canopy scales under different soil drying patterns. Specifically, a positive linear relationship between WUE and RUE are unexpectedly found when soil drying was applied at the three-leaf stage, while it turned out to be negative when soil drying was applied at the seven-leaf stage. Moreover, the interaction between canopy WUE and RUE was more regulated by fAPAR than LAI under soil drying. Our findings suggest that more attention must be paid to fAPAR in evaluating the effect of drought on crops and may bring new insights into the interrelationships of water and radiation use processes in dryland agricultural ecosystems.

scholarly journals Inoculant, nitrogen and phosphorus improves photosynthesis and water-use efficiency in soybean production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
C. E. N. Savala ◽  
A. N. Wiredu ◽  
J. O. Okoth ◽  
S. Kyei-Boahen
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Soybean yield within the Southern Africa falls below its potential despite similar climatic conditions across some agroecologies, replicable agronomic management practices and introduced improved varieties. Understanding physiological processes and water-use efficiency (WUE) of soybean offer information on bridging this yield gap. A field study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 seasons in two agroecologies (Angonia and Ruace) in Mozambique to evaluate the effects of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens strain USDA110 formerly known as Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculant, nitrogen and phosphorus on nodulation, physiology and yield of non-promiscuous (Safari) and promiscuous (TGx 1740-2F) soybean varieties. Data on transpiration, photosynthesis, leaf area index, radiation interception and WUE from the beginning of flowering to maturity were collected. Transpiration rate varied considerably with interaction between locations, growth stages, varieties and treatments. At podding, phosphorus-treated soybean at Angonia transpired less (6.3 mmol/m2/s) than check plants (6.6 mmol/m2/s). Photosynthesis rate and WUE were distinct with variety, growth stages and inputs within agroecologies. For instance, in Angonia 2018 season, phosphorus fertilized TGx 1740-2F photosynthesized more at flowering (25.3 μmol/m2/s) while the lowest was phosphorus-treated Safari at podding with 17.2 μmol/m2/s. At the same site in 2017, inoculated soybean photosynthesized more at 22.8 μmol/m2/s leading to better WUE of 3.6 that corresponded to 2894 kg/ha yield. Overall, soybean WUE was higher when inoculated than N-treated, while P application yielded better. Results from this study will complement breeders’ effort in developing phosphorus efficient varieties suited for a wide range of changing climatical conditions.

Temperature and water availability effects on radiation and water use efficiencies in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Collino ◽  
J. L. Dardanelli ◽  
M. J. De Luca ◽  
R. W. Racca
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Alfalfa, the most important forage crop in Argentina, shows considerable variability in forage production caused by variations in inter-annual rainfall and intra-annual radiation and temperature regimes. Such variation may affect radiation use efficiency and water use efficiency. This paper seeks to study the effects of temperature and water availability on radiation use efficiency and water use efficiency. We conducted the experiment in Córdoba, Argentina, under irrigated and droughted conditions. Drought was imposed by mobile rainout shelters during 3 consecutive periods. We measured forage, intercepted photosynthetically active radiation and water use to calculate radiation use efficiency and water use efficiency between cuttings. Under irrigation, radiation use efficiency and water use efficiency normalised by daytime vapour pressure deficit, were not limited by mean temperature above 21.3 and 21.9°C, respectively. Below those critical values, both variables decreased consistently with temperature decrements. Under drought, radiation use efficiency tended to decrease and water use efficiency tended to increase. In addition, the relationship between relative dry matter and relative water use was not linear, as reported in previous studies for annual crops.

Plasticity of wheat grain yield is associated with plasticity of ear number

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Sadras ◽  
G. J. Rebetzke
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Environmental Responsiveness ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Radiation Use ◽  
Ear Number

Here we propose that the perspective of phenotypic plasticity can enhance our understanding of the role of fertile tillers in accommodating environmental variation. We tested the hypothesis that the plasticity of yield correlates with the plasticity of ear number using free-tillering (–tin) and reduced-tillering (+tin) sister wheat lines in two genetic backgrounds, Lang and Silverstar. Crops were grown in 10 rainfed environments resulting from the combination of seasons, sites, nitrogen rates, and sowing dates. The combination of lines and environments generated a range from 157 to 357 ears m–2 at harvest, and a yield range from 1.9 to 4.2 t ha–1. Plasticity was quantified with two methods, slopes of reaction norms and variance ratios; both methods returned the same ranking of lines for both ear number and yield. The tin allele reduced the plasticity of both ear number and yield in Lang but not in Silverstar. The reduced plasticity associated with the tin allele in Lang had two components: a small reduction in ear number under low-yielding conditions, and a large reduction in the capacity to respond to higher yielding environments. Consistent with our working hypothesis, plasticity of yield and plasticity of ear number were correlated (R2 = 0.81, P = 0.01). Plasticity of ear number was associated with the plasticity of shoot biomass at harvest (R2 = 0.74, P = 0.006), and plasticity of biomass was associated with the plasticity of yield (R2 = 0.86, P = 0.0009). This suggests that the environmental responsiveness of yield was partially mediated by the environmental responsiveness of fertile tillers. We found positive correlations between plasticity of ear number and plasticity of several traits including biomass, radiation-use efficiency and water-use efficiency, and a negative correlation between plasticity of ear number and plasticity of seeds per ear. Ear number per se was unrelated to biomass, radiation-use efficiency, water-use efficiency, and seeds per ear. We conclude that a dual focus on traits per se and their plasticity is a fruitful approach to understand the phenotype, particularly when genotype × environment interaction is large.

scholarly journals A Review of Modeled Water Use Efficiency of Highly Productive Perennial Grasses Useful for Bioenergy

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Kiniry ◽  
Sumin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Whole plant productivity is obviously the ultimate product of leaf photosynthesis and this has led to numerous efforts to relate the two. However, often with perennial grasses, plant productivity is more sink-limited than source-limited, causing the linkage between the photosynthetic rate and productivity to be weak or nonexistent. This has led to a different approach, characterizing plant productivity in terms of the efficiency of intercepted light use in producing biomass, also called radiation use efficiency. Likewise, the efficiency of the use of water to produce plant biomass, or water use efficiency, has been the object of much interest. The use of a simulation model to quantify biomass, using radiation use efficiency in parallel with a daily water balance simulation, allows for the effective calculation of water use efficiency. In this project, the process of determining radiation use efficiency with field data is described, as well as example values for highly productive perennial grasses useful for feedstock for bioenergy. In addition, values of water use efficiency for these grasses are reported and compared with other perennial grasses and common cultivated crops.

scholarly journals Optimizing Et-Based Irrigation Scheduling for Wheat and Maize with Water Constraints

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 2053-2065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwang Ma ◽  
Zhiming Qi ◽  
Yanjun Shen ◽  
Liang He ◽  
Shouhua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract. Deficit irrigation has been shown to increase crop water use efficiency (WUE) under certain conditions, even though the yield is slightly reduced. In this study, the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) was first calibrated with measured data from a large weighing lysimeter from 1998 to 2003 at the Yucheng Experimental Station in the North China Plain for daily evapotranspiration (ET), soil water storage (0-120 cm), leaf area index (LAI), aboveground biomass, and grain yield. The calibrated model was then used to explore crop responses to ET-based irrigation management using weather data from 1958 to 2015 and identify the most suitable ET-based irrigation schedules for the area. Irrigation amount was determined by constraining irrigation to a percentage of potential crop ET (40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% ETc) at the various growth stages of wheat [planting to before winter dormancy (P-D), green up to booting (G-B), booting to flowering (B-F), and flowering to maturity (F-M)] and of maize [planting to silking (P-S) and silking to maturity (S-M)], subject to seasonal water availability limits of 100/50, 200/100, 300/150, and 400/200 mm and no water limit for wheat/maize seasons, respectively. In general, wheat was more responsive to irrigation than maize, while greater influence of weather variation was simulated on maize than on wheat. For wheat with seasonal water limits, the highest average WUE was simulated with the highest targeted ETc levels at both the G-B and B-F stages and lower targeted ETc levels at the P-D and F-M stages. However, the highest average grain yield was simulated with the highest targeted ETc levels at all four growth stages for no water limit and the 400 mm water limit, or at both the G-B and B-F stages for the 300 and 200 mm water limits. For maize, lower targeted ETc levels after silking did not significantly affect maize production due to the high season rainfall, but irrigation of 60% ETc before silking was recommended. These results could be used as guidelines for precision irrigation along with real-time weather information. Keywords: Deficit irrigation, Evapotranspiration, Growth stage, RZWQM, Water use efficiency, Wheat and maize.

scholarly journals Optimizing Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency Based on the Relationship between Leaf Area Index and Evapotranspiration

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Zhang ◽  
Bo Ming ◽  
Dongping Shen ◽  
Ruizhi Xie ◽  
Peng Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Achieving optimal balance between maize yield and water use efficiency is an important challenge for irrigation maize production in arid areas. In this study, we conducted an experiment in Xinjiang China in 2016 and 2017 to quantify the response of maize yield and water use to plant density and irrigation schedules. The treatments included four irrigation levels: 360 (W1), 480 (W2), 600 (W3), and 720 mm (W4), and five plant densities: 7.5 (D1), 9.0 (D2), 10.5 (D3), 12.0 (D4), and 13.5 plants m−2 (D5). The results showed that increasing the plant density and the irrigation level could both significantly increase the leaf area index (LAI). However, LAI expansion significantly increased evapotranspiration (ETa) under irrigation. The combination of irrigation level 600 mm (W3) and plant density 12.0 plants m−2 (D4) produced the highest maize yield (21.0–21.2 t ha−1), ETa (784.1–797.8 mm), and water use efficiency (WUE) (2.64–2.70 kg m−3), with an LAI of 8.5–8.7 at the silking stage. The relationship between LAI and grain yield and evapotranspiration were quantified, and, based on this, the relationship between water use and maize productivity was analyzed. Moreover, the optimal LAI was established to determine the reasonable irrigation level and coordinate the relationship between the increase in grain yield and the decrease in water use efficiency.

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