scholarly journals Deceptology in cancer and vaccine sciences: Seeds of immune destruction‐mini electric shocks in mitochondria: Neuroplasticity‐electrobiology of response profiles and increased induced diseases in four generations – A hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahin Khatami
Keyword(s):  
Electric Shocks ◽  
Response Profiles ◽  
Immune Destruction

Occupational Exposure to Electric Shocks and Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields and Motor Neurone Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace X Chen ◽  
Andrea’t Mannetje ◽  
Jeroen Douwes ◽  
Leonard H Berg ◽  
Neil Pearce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Motor Neurone ◽  
Motor Neurone Disease ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Extremely Low Frequency ◽  
Electric Shocks

Abstract In a New Zealand population-based case-control study we assessed associations with occupational exposure to electric shocks, extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) and motor neurone disease using job-exposure matrices to assess exposure. Participants were recruited between 2013 and 2016. Associations with ever/never, duration, and cumulative exposure were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, sports, head or spine injury and solvents, and mutually adjusted for the other exposure. All analyses were repeated stratified by sex. An elevated risk was observed for having ever worked in a job with potential for electric shocks (odds ratio (OR)=1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98, 1.86), with the strongest association for the highest level of exposure (OR=2.01, 95%CI: 1.31, 3.09). Analysis by duration suggested a non-linear association: risk was increased for both short-duration (<3 years) (OR= 4.69, 95%CI: 2.25, 9.77) and long-duration in a job with high level of electric shock exposure (>24 years; OR=1.88; 95%CI: 1.05, 3.36), with less pronounced associations for intermediate durations. No association with ELF-MF was found. Our findings provide support for an association between occupational exposure to electric shocks and motor neurone disease but did not show associations with exposure to work-related ELF-MF.

Differential Gurmarin Suppression of Sweet Taste Responses in Rat Solitary Nucleus Neurons

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 911-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian H. Lemon ◽  
Toshiaki Imoto ◽  
David V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Response Suppression ◽  
Response Profiles ◽  
Neuronal Type ◽  
Concentration Series

We examined the effect of the sweet transduction blocker gurmarin on taste responses recorded from neurons in the rat solitary nucleus (NST) to determine how gurmarin sensitivity is distributed across neuronal type. Initially, responses evoked by washing the anterior tongue and palate with 0.5 M sucrose, 0.1 M NaCl, 0.01 M HCl, and 0.01 M quinine-HCl were recorded from 35 neurons. For some cells, responses to a sucrose concentration series (0.01–1.0 M) or an array of sweet-tasting compounds were also measured. Gurmarin (10 μg/ml, 2–4 ml) was then applied to the tongue and palate. Stimuli were reapplied after 10–15 min. Neurons were segregated into groups based on similarities among their initial response profiles using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Results indicated that sucrose responses recorded from neurons representative of each HCA-defined class were suppressed by gurmarin. However, a disproportionate percentage of cells in each group displayed sucrose responses that were substantially attenuated after gurmarin treatment. Postgurmarin sucrose responses recorded from neurons that composed 57% of class S, 40% of class N, and 33% of class H were suppressed by ≥50% relative to control. On average, attenuation was statistically significant only in class S and N neurons. Although the magnitude of gurmarin-induced response suppression did not differ across sucrose concentration, responses to different sweet-tasting compounds were differentially affected. Responses to NaCl, HCl, or quinine were not suppressed by gurmarin. Results suggest that information from gurmarin-sensitive and -insensitive receptor processes converges onto single NST neurons.

Sodium-deficient diet reduces gustatory activity in the nucleus of the solitary tract of behaving rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (3) ◽  
pp. R647-R661 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nakamura ◽  
R. Norgren
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Dietary Condition ◽  
Response Profiles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Gustatory Neurons ◽  
General Reduction

The activity of single taste neurons was recorded from the nucleus of the solitary tract before (n = 41) and after (n = 58) awake, behaving rats were switched to a sodium-free diet. During sodium deprivation, the spontaneous activity of the neurons increased (142%), but responses to water and sapid stimuli decreased. For all neurons in the sample, the mean response to water decreased to 72% of its predeprivation level, NaCl dropped to 53%, sucrose to 41%, citric acid to 68%, and quinine HCl to 84%. Despite the drop in magnitude, the response profiles of the taste neurons were not changed by the dietary condition. In the Na-replete state, 61% of the activity elicited by NaCl occurred in NaCl-best cells and 33% in sucrose-best neurons. In the depleted state, these values were 60 and 26%, respectively. Nevertheless, at the highest concentrations tested, deprivation did alter the relative responsiveness of the gustatory neurons to sucrose and NaCl in specific categories of neurons. Compared with acute preparations, dietary sodium deprivation in awake, behaving rats produced a more general reduction in the gustatory responses of neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract. The largest reductions in elicited activity occurred for the "best stimulus" of a particular neuron, thus leading to smaller differences in response magnitude across stimuli, particularly at the highest concentrations tested.

Effects of Social Intelligence on the Milgram Paradigm

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Burley ◽  
John McGuinness
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Social Intelligence ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Electric Shocks ◽  
Temperament Traits ◽  
Male Subjects

The study examined the effects of social intelligence on the Milgram (1963) paradigm. 24 male subjects were commanded by the experimenter to administer electric shocks (simulated to appear real) to a confederate. Social intelligence as measured significantly mediated the degree to which subjects were prepared to obey the experimenter's commands and inflict suffering on another. The finding was interpreted as suggesting that broader personality differences relating to obedience-disobedience and altruistic acts, such as alleviating the plight of a suffering victim, are more likely to be found in the realm of cognitive abilities than with traditional temperament traits.

Differences in Th1/Th2 cytokine response profiles during early childhood and their relationship to wheezing phenotypes

2005 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. S120
Author(s):  
D.F.G. DaSilva ◽  
M.D. Evans ◽  
K.A. Roberg ◽  
C.J. Tisler ◽  
E.L. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cytokine Response ◽  
Th2 Cytokine ◽  
Response Profiles

scholarly journals Verbal threat learning does not spare loved ones

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Morato ◽  
Pedro Guerra ◽  
Florian Bublatzky
Keyword(s):  
Fear Learning ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Trauma Research ◽  
Learning History ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Electric Shocks ◽  
History Of ◽  
Threat Cues ◽  
Verbal Threat

AbstractSignificant others provide individuals with a sense of safety and security. However, the mechanisms that underlie attachment-induced safety are hardly understood. Recent research has shown beneficial effects when viewing pictures of the romantic partner, leading to reduced pain experience and defensive responding. Building upon this, we examined the inhibitory capacity of loved face pictures on fear learning in an instructed threat paradigm. Pictures of loved familiar or unknown individuals served as signals for either threat of electric shocks or safety, while a broad set of psychophysiological measures was recorded. We assumed that a long-term learning history of beneficial relations interferes with social threat learning. Nevertheless, results yielded a typical pattern of physiological defense activation towards threat cues, regardless of whether threat was signaled by an unknown or a loved face. These findings call into question the notion that pictures of loved individuals are shielded against becoming threat cues, with implications for attachment and trauma research.

Attenuation of Experimental Pain by Tactile Stimulation: Effect of Vibration at Different Levels of Noxious Stimulus Intensity

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Blitz ◽  
Albert J. Dinnerstein ◽  
Milton Lowenthal
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Experimental Pain ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Noxious Stimulus ◽  
Noxious Stimulation ◽  
Vibratory Stimulus ◽  
Vibratory Stimulation ◽  
Electric Shocks ◽  
Different Levels

The present study was concerned with the masking and pain-attenuating effect of vibration at different levels of intensity of noxious stimulation. Forty Ss were given noxious stimulation in the form of increasingly painful electric shocks in trials where such shocks were presented with and without concurrent vibratory stimulation. The masking or pain-attenuating effect of the vibration was greatest at the lowest level of noxious stimulus intensity and decreased as the noxious stimulation intensity increased. At the highest level of noxious stimulation the effect of vibration was not significant although there was a tendency for Ss with higher pain tolerance to show summation. The possible relevance of the intensity of the vibratory stimulus to this pattern of results was discussed.

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