Patterns of seasonality and group membership characterize the gut microbiota in a longitudinal study of wild Verreaux's sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi)

By incorporating psychopathology and subjective well-being (SWB), the dual-factor model of mental health (DFM) can comprehensively measure psychological health. We examined the utility of the DFM among 1,293 Chinese adolescents (Grades 7–12). Furthermore, we examined the dynamics of mental health group membership via a two-wave longitudinal study of 531 students. SWB, psychopathology, affective self-regulatory efficacy, academic self-efficacy, and academic emotions were measured via self-report scales. Mental health group membership was determined according to combinations of high or low SWB and high or low psychopathology. The DFM was supported by our identification of its four constituent groups (i.e. complete mental health, vulnerable, troubled, and symptomatic but content). Significant group differences were found in affective self-regulatory efficacy, academic self-efficacy, and academic emotions, with clear contrasts observed between adolescents with complete mental health and their vulnerable peers, as well as between troubled adolescents and their symptomatic but content peers. Moreover, youth with complete mental health demonstrated the highest stability and troubled youth the lowest, whereas vulnerable youth had the highest rates of transitioning into both the complete mental health and troubled groups. Implications for practice are explored within the context of screening and intervention.

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Social Participation across Mid- and Later-life: Evidence from a Longitudinal Cohort Study

Sociological Perspectives ◽

10.1177/0731121421992395 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 073112142199239

Author(s):

Eric M. Vogelsang

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Social Participation ◽

Group Membership ◽

Social Activity ◽

Later Life ◽

School Activities ◽

Wisconsin Longitudinal Study ◽

Different Types ◽

The Life Course

Despite the benefits of social participation for individuals and communities, little is known about how social participation varies over the life course. Drawing upon data collected between 1957 and 2011 by the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (22,023 observations from a cohort of 6,627), this study provides four valuable results. First, I find evidence of five distinct social participation trajectories; the majority of which demonstrate social disengagement as individuals age. Second, these decreases were primarily attributable to declines in meeting friends and group exercise. Third, the activities most likely to predict being a part of more-desirable trajectories were cultural event attendance, voluntary group membership, and joining charity groups. Last, I find that seven different types of high school activities were each associated with greater social activity counts, decades later. In total, these results highlight systematic differences in social participation trajectories and suggest that age-graded participation changes are highly dependent on the underlying social activities.

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Microbiota supplementation with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus modifies the preterm infant gut microbiota and metabolome

10.1101/698092 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cristina Alcon-Giner ◽

Matthew J. Dalby ◽

Shabhonam Caim ◽

Jennifer Ketskemety ◽

Alex Shaw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Early Life ◽

Term Infant ◽

Control Group ◽

Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽

Metabolic Phenotyping ◽

Parallel Increase ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Gut Ph

AbstractSupplementation with members of the early-life microbiota or ‘probiotics’ is becoming increasingly popular to attempt to beneficially manipulate the preterm gut microbiota. We performed a large longitudinal study comprising two preterm groups; 101 orally supplemented with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus (Bif/Lacto) and 133 non-supplemented (Control) matched by age, sex, birth-mode, and diet. 16S rRNA metataxonomic profiling on stool samples (n = 592) indicated a predominance of Bifidobacterium, and a reduction of pathobionts in the Bif/Lacto group. Metabolic phenotyping found a parallel increase in fecal acetate and lactate in the Bif/Lacto group compared to the Control group, which positively correlated with Bifidobacterium abundance consistent with the ability of the supplemented Bifidobacterium strain to metabolize human milk oligosaccharides and reduced gut pH. This study demonstrates that microbiota supplementation can modify the preterm microbiome and the gastrointestinal environment to more closely resemble that of a full-term infant.

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