scholarly journals Space use and social association in a gregarious ungulate: Testing the conspecific attraction and resource dispersion hypotheses

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 5133-5145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélissa Peignier ◽  
Quinn M. R. Webber ◽  
Erin L. Koen ◽  
Michel P. Laforge ◽  
Alec L. Robitaille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Use ◽  
Conspecific Attraction ◽  
Resource Dispersion ◽  
Social Association

scholarly journals Resource dispersion and relatedness interact to explain space use in a solitary predator

Oikos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (8) ◽  
pp. 1174-1184
Author(s):  
Malin Aronsson ◽  
Mikael Åkesson ◽  
Matthew Low ◽  
Jens Persson ◽  
Henrik Andrén
Keyword(s):  
Space Use ◽  
Resource Dispersion

scholarly journals Nonchalant neighbours: Space use and overlap of the critically endangered elongated tortoise

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Ward ◽  
Benjamin Michael Marshall ◽  
Cameron Hodges ◽  
Ysabella Montano ◽  
Taksin Artchawakom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Conspecific Attraction ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Female Attraction

To prevent population extirpations we need to understand species’ requirements, especially for critically endangered species inhabiting biodiversity hotspots. Studying animal movement provides insights into such requirements and gauges protected area effectiveness. Southeast Asian protected areas are becoming isolated; thus, we must ensure existing areas can sustain populations. We used multi-year radio-telemetry with the critically endangered Elongated Tortoise (Indotestudo elongata) to assess: movements, space-use, and conspecific overlap in a small protected area –Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Thailand. Movements were weakly seasonal, increasing in hot and wet seasons compared to the dry season. Individuals annual space-use varied (4.24–55.57 ha), while frequently overlapping with conspecifics. Conspecific comparisons revealed males (n = 5) moved similarly to females (n = 12) but used larger areas. Explorations of temporal avoidance versus attraction reveal more instances of conspecific attraction than avoidance (20:8). Avoidance/attraction behaviour appeared disconnected from carapace length or mass; therefore, that conspecific interaction patterns may potentially be a result of resources (mates or food) rather than competition (i.e., no apparent evidence of smaller individuals avoiding larger individuals). Female-female attraction suggests an absence of resource exclusion tactics at the temporal resolution of our data. Male-female attraction may indicate reproductive movements coinciding with hot season, but we failed to detect significant interactive effects linking conspecific attraction or step length to proximity to breeding activity. Our observations of annual space-use and space overlap present critical components when designing robust population assessments; assessments that will underline any successful I. elongata conservation effort. When considered in the context of previous work connecting space overlap with population viability, our results suggest the biosphere population of I. elongata to be reproductive, with enough resources to be potentially viable; the findings help emphasise the importance of even relatively small protected natural areas.

scholarly journals What carnivore biologists can learn from bugs, birds, and beavers: a review of spatial theories

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1703-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie K. Young ◽  
John A. Shivik
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Spatial Theory ◽  
Conspecific Attraction ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Entire Field ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Study Designs

Information on the ecology and evolution of a species can be enhanced by studying spatial ecology. Even though space use has been a focus of carnivore research for decades, the theoretical framework for such studies remains poorly developed. Most spatial ecology theory has instead been developed and tested with invertebrates and expanded into fishery and ornithological research. The goal of this review is to examine spatial theories being tested in other taxonomic groups that could positively influence how carnivore biologists design studies. Details are provided from studies that illustrate methods to quantify space use, and four broad areas of spatial theory are reviewed: conspecific attraction, territory establishment, within-territory space use, and inheritance of space use. Suggestions are given on how carnivore biologists could incorporate each of these components into study designs. Carnivore biologists have opportunities to test spatial theory at small and large scales that could ultimately advance the entire field of spatial ecology. Although this review focuses on improving studies of terrestrial carnivores, our suggestions are relevant for studies of spatial theories across taxa.

scholarly journals Genetic relatedness cannot explain social preferences in black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L Baden ◽  
Timothy H Webster ◽  
Brenda J Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Social Attraction ◽  
Spatial Overlap ◽  
Home Range Overlap ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Range Overlap ◽  
Social Association

ABSTRACTFission-fusion social dynamics are common among a number of vertebrate taxa, and yet the factors shaping these variable associations among subgroup members have not been widely addressed. Associations may occur simply because of shared habitat preferences; however, social ties may also be influenced by genetic relatedness (kinship) or social attraction. Here, we investigate the association patterns of wild black-and-white ruffed lemurs, Varecia variegata, in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar using behavioural, spatial (home range), and genetic data from twenty-four individually identified animals. We collected 40,840 records of group composition over a 17-month period and from this calculated pairwise association indices. We also used ranging coordinates and genetic samples to estimate patterns of spatial overlap and kinship, and then related these measures to patterns of affiliation. From these analyses, we found that dyadic ruffed lemur social associations were generally sparse and weak; that home range overlap was minimal; and that average relatedness within the community was low. We found no evidence that kinship was related to patterns of either spatial overlap or social association; instead, associations were primarily driven by space use. Moreover, social preferences were unrelated to kinship. While home range overlap explained most of the variation seen in social association, some variation remains unaccounted for, suggesting that other social, ecological, and biological factors such as shared resource defense or communal breeding might also play a role in social attraction. Our results further highlight the need to consider individual space use and nuances of species behavior when investigating social preference and social association more generally.

scholarly journals Variable Intraspecific Space Use Supports Optimality in an Apex Predator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Finnegan ◽  
N. J. Svoboda ◽  
N. L. Fowler ◽  
S. L. Schooler ◽  
J. L. Belant
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Movement Ecology ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Resource Dispersion ◽  
Resource Dispersion Hypothesis

Abstract Within optimality theory, an animal’s home range can be considered a fitness-driven attempt to obtain resources for survival and reproduction while minimizing costs. We assessed whether brown bears (Ursus arctos) in two island populations maximized resource patches within home ranges (Resource Dispersion Hypothesis [RDH]) or occupied only areas necessary to meet their biological requirements (Temporal Resource Variability Hypothesis [TRVH]) at annual and seasonal scales. We further examined how intrinsic factors (age, reproductive status) affected optimal choices. We found dynamic patterns of space use between populations, with support for RDH and TRVH at both scales. The RDH was likely supported seasonally as a result of bears maximizing space use to obtain a mix of nutritional resources for weight gain. While annually, support for RDH likely reflected changing abundances and distributions of foods within different timber stand classes. TRVH was supported at both scales, with bears minimizing space use when food resources were temporally concentrated. Range sizes and optimal strategies varied among sex and reproductive classes, with males occupying larger ranges, supporting mate seeking behavior and increased metabolic demands of larger body sizes. This work emphasizes the importance of scale when examining animal movement ecology, as optimal behavioral decisions are scale dependent.

Prospects for Development of Silicon Photoconverters and Batteries for Space Use

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Gorban ◽  
V.P. Kostylov ◽  
V. N. Borshchov ◽  
A. M. Listratenko
Keyword(s):  
Space Use

Familism and Family’s Concept in Korea : The View of ‘Social Association’ Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-159
Author(s):  
Kwang-Ryeol Baek ◽  
Sang-Jic Lee ◽  
Misae Sasano
Keyword(s):  
Social Association

Space use and movement patterns of translocated bighorn sheep

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ty J. Werdel ◽  
Jonathan A. Jenks ◽  
John T. Kanta ◽  
Chadwick P. Lehman ◽  
Teresa J. Frink
Keyword(s):  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Bighorn Sheep
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