scholarly journals Species specificity and intraspecific variation in the chemical profiles of Heliconius butterflies across a large geographic range

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3895-3918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Darragh ◽  
Gabriela Montejo‐Kovacevich ◽  
Krzysztof M. Kozak ◽  
Colin R. Morrison ◽  
Clarisse M. E. Figueiredo ◽  
...  
The Auk ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Graves

Abstract Intraspecific variation in plumage was used to test the null hypotheses that geographic variation in 280 species of elevationally restricted Andean forest birds is independent of elevation and is not a function of patchy geographic distribution. Both null hypotheses were rejected. At most taxonomic levels, geographic variation in plumage was correlated positively with both the mean of its elevational distribution and the size of its geographic range. Vertical amplitude of elevational distribution was not a significant predictor of geographic variation in plumage in most taxa. Independent of these elevational correlates, patchily distributed species showed significantly more geographic variation than continuously distributed species. These results show that geographic variation and presumably ongoing speciation phenomena are greater at higher elevations. The decreased species richness at high elevations may be attributable to a higher rate of extinction from catastrophic disturbance as well as to ecological factors that limit sympatry in newly formed species.


1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. W. Pollard ◽  
F. T. Portlock

Fifteen coastal provenances of western hemlock Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. were tested on four sites on Vancouver Island, B.C. Provenance origins and test sites lay within roughly 2° of latitude and at 0–580 m above mean sea level. Mean heights of provenances 10 years after planting varied from roughly 74 to 121% of the plantation mean at each site; plantation means varied from 388 to 493 cm. No interaction between provenance and test site was detected and rankings of provenances remained quite constant from site to site. A large proportion of provenance variation could not be accounted for by descriptors of provenance origin. Results show that for the geographic range tested, faster growing provenances could be planted without constraints imposed by elevation and latitude.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Darragh ◽  
Gabriela Montejo-Kovacevich ◽  
Krzysztof M. Kozak ◽  
Colin R. Morrison ◽  
Clarisse M. E. Figueiredo ◽  
...  

AbstractIn many animals, mate choice is important for the maintenance of reproductive isolation between species. Traits important for mate choice and behavioural isolation are predicted to be under strong stabilising selection within species, however such traits can also exhibit variation at the population level driven by neutral and adaptive evolutionary processes. Here, we describe patterns of divergence among androconial and genital chemical profiles at inter- and intra-specific levels in mimetic Heliconius butterflies. Most variation in chemical bouquets was found between species, but there were also quantitative differences at the population level. We found a strong correlation between interspecific chemical and genetic divergence, however, this correlation varied in intraspecific comparisons. We identified ‘indicator’ compounds characteristic of particular species that included known biologically active compounds, suggesting an approach for identification of candidate compounds for future behavioural studies in novel systems. Overall, the strong signal of species identity suggests a role for these compounds in species recognition, but with additional potentially neutral variation at the population level.


1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Gonyea ◽  
R Herdman ◽  
R. A Bridges

SummaryAn anticoagulant occurring in 4 of 6 patients with SLE has been demonstrated by a sensitive assay utilizing an ammonium sulfate fraction of serum. The anticoagulant functions as an inhibitor of the activation of prothrombin. No species specificity was demonstrable. The inhibitor behaves clinically and chromatographically as an immunoglobulin, although an attempt to demonstrate directly the antibody nature of the inhibitor was not successful.A severe, apparently independent, decrease in the level of prothrombin was observed in the patient with hemorrhagic symptoms. In contrast to the anticoagulant activity, the low prothrombin has persisted during treatment.


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