scholarly journals Examining differences in phylogenetic composition enhances understanding of the phylogenetic structure of the shrub community in the northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 6723-6731
Author(s):  
Yuanming Xiao ◽  
Lucun Yang ◽  
Xiuqing Nie ◽  
Changbin Li ◽  
Feng Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Shrub Community ◽  
Phylogenetic Composition

scholarly journals Exploring the community phylogenetic structure along the slope aspect of subalpine meadows in the eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 5270-5280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minxia Liu ◽  
Yingdi Che ◽  
Jiao Jiao ◽  
Lirong Li ◽  
Xiaoxuan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Subalpine Meadows ◽  
Community Phylogenetic Structure

scholarly journals Canopy cover and structural complexity affect the phylogenetic composition of a pond-dwelling Neotropical anuran metacommunity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo B. Provete
Keyword(s):  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Larval Amphibians ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Floating Vegetation ◽  
Phylogenetic Composition

AbstractPhylogenetic information has been increasingly included into (meta)community assembly studies. However, recent studies have challenged the framework commonly used to infer processes from phylogenetic structure. Amphibians are good model organisms to study processes promoting structure in metacommunities, since they are subjected to different environmental and spatial processes throughout their biphasic life cycle. Pond canopy cover is one of these environmental factors that strongly influence the distribution of species and traits of several freshwater taxa, including larval amphibians (e.g., behavior, color, fin height, and length of intestine). Here, I tested the influence of pond canopy cover, floating vegetation, and pond morphology on the phylogenetic structure of an anuran metacommunity in the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil. I sampled tadpoles in 13 ponds and marshes from June 2008 and July 2009 in the Serra da Bocaina National Park, São Paulo. After building a metacommunity phylogeny, I used an eigenvector-based technique to describe the metacommunity phylogenetic composition (Principal Coordinates of Phylogenetic Structure, PCPS). I then run a db-RDA to evalute whether a subset of these eigenvectors can be explained by environmental variables. I found that pond canopy cover and floating vegetation were the main variables influencing lineage sorting in this metacommunity. Canopy cover separated hylid lineages from other families that were associated with open areas. Floating vegetation separated two hylid tribes (Cophomantini and Dendropsophini). Our results mainly suggest that the effect of canopy cover and floating vegetation on the structure of anuran metacommunity may affect not only species, but also entire lineages.

scholarly journals Environmental and spatial drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic characteristics of bat communities in human-modified landscapes

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Cisneros ◽  
Matthew E. Fagan ◽  
Michael R. Willig
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Variation Partitioning ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Niche Space ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Phylogenetic Composition ◽  
Phylogenetic Dispersion

BackgroundAssembly of species into communities following human disturbance (e.g., deforestation, fragmentation) may be governed by spatial (e.g., dispersal) or environmental (e.g., niche partitioning) mechanisms. Variation partitioning has been used to broadly disentangle spatial and environmental mechanisms, and approaches utilizing functional and phylogenetic characteristics of communities have been implemented to determine the relative importance of particular environmental (or niche-based) mechanisms. Nonetheless, few studies have integrated these quantitative approaches to comprehensively assess the relative importance of particular structuring processes.MethodsWe employed a novel variation partitioning approach to evaluate the relative importance of particular spatial and environmental drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic aspects of bat communities in a human-modified landscape in Costa Rica. Specifically, we estimated the amount of variation in species composition (taxonomic structure) and in two aspects of functional and phylogenetic structure (i.e., composition and dispersion) along a forest loss and fragmentation gradient that are uniquely explained by landscape characteristics (i.e., environment) or space to assess the importance of competing mechanisms.ResultsThe unique effects of space on taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic structure were consistently small. In contrast, landscape characteristics (i.e., environment) played an appreciable role in structuring bat communities. Spatially-structured landscape characteristics explained 84% of the variation in functional or phylogenetic dispersion, and the unique effects of landscape characteristics significantly explained 14% of the variation in species composition. Furthermore, variation in bat community structure was primarily due to differences in dispersion of species within functional or phylogenetic space along the gradient, rather than due to differences in functional or phylogenetic composition.DiscussionVariation among bat communities was related to environmental mechanisms, especially niche-based (i.e., environmental) processes, rather than spatial mechanisms. High variation in functional or phylogenetic dispersion, as opposed to functional or phylogenetic composition, suggests that loss or gain of niche space is driving the progressive loss or gain of species with particular traits from communities along the human-modified gradient. Thus, environmental characteristics associated with landscape structure influence functional or phylogenetic aspects of bat communities by effectively altering the ways in which species partition niche space.

scholarly journals Lack of Phylogenetic Differences in Ectomycorrhizal Fungi among Distinct Mediterranean Pine Forest Habitats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 793
Author(s):  
Irene Adamo ◽  
Carles Castaño ◽  
José Antonio Bonet ◽  
Carlos Colinas ◽  
Juan Martínez de Aragón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pine Forests ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Mediterranean Forests ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Exploration Types ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Communities ◽  
Phylogenetic Composition ◽  
Mediterranean Pine

Understanding whether the occurrences of ectomycorrhizal species in a given tree host are phylogenetically determined can help in assessing different conservational needs for each fungal species. In this study, we characterized ectomycorrhizal phylogenetic composition and phylogenetic structure in 42 plots with five different Mediterranean pine forests: i.e., pure forests dominated by P. nigra, P. halepensis, and P. sylvestris, and mixed forests of P. nigra-P. halepensis and P. nigra-P. sylvestris, and tested whether the phylogenetic structure of ectomycorrhizal communities differs among these. We found that ectomycorrhizal communities were not different among pine tree hosts neither in phylogenetic composition nor in structure and phylogenetic diversity. Moreover, we detected a weak abiotic filtering effect (4%), with pH being the only significant variable influencing the phylogenetic ectomycorrhizal community, while the phylogenetic structure was slightly influenced by the shared effect of stand structure, soil, and geographic distance. However, the phylogenetic community similarity increased at lower pH values, supporting that fewer, closely related species were found at lower pH values. Also, no phylogenetic signal was detected among exploration types, although short and contact were the most abundant types in these forest ecosystems. Our results demonstrate that pH but not tree host, acts as a strong abiotic filter on ectomycorrhizal phylogenetic communities in Mediterranean pine forests at a local scale. Finally, our study shed light on dominant ectomycorrhizal foraging strategies in drought-prone ecosystems such as Mediterranean forests.

scholarly journals Taxonomic and phylogenetic composition show biotic resistance to exotic invasion in acid seep springs

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Barfknecht ◽  
David J. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Freshwater Wetlands ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Exotic Invasion ◽  
Phylogenetic Composition ◽  
Exotic Grass

Abstract Background Few studies have incorporated the evolutionary insights provided by analysis of phylogenetic structure along with community composition to assess the effects of exotic invasion on freshwater wetlands. Here, we assess the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships among acid seep springs to investigate the potential homogenization or resistance of communities due to invasion of an exotic grass. Results Multivariate community analyses indicated differences in community and phylogenetic composition and dispersion among acid seep springs, associated with gradients in soil moisture, canopy cover, and phylogenetic diversity. By contrast, univariate analyses showed differences in taxonomic diversity but not phylogenetic diversity among acid seep springs. Conclusions Despite exotic invasion, individual acid seep springs remained taxonomically and phylogenetically distinct from each other. Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity metrics revealed different aspects of composition, reinforcing the importance of including both in analyses of plant communities for understanding community assembly following exotic invasion and for management purposes. Within acid seep springs, taxonomic and phylogenetic composition appear to be driven more through environmental filtering by light and moisture than by the competitive effects following invasion of an exotic grass in support of Elton’s biotic resistance hypothesis.

scholarly journals Altitude acts as an environmental filter on phylogenetic composition, traits and diversity in bee communities

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1746) ◽  
pp. 4447-4456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Hoiss ◽  
Jochen Krauss ◽  
Simon G. Potts ◽  
Stuart Roberts ◽  
Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Phylogenetic Composition ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Bee Communities

Knowledge about the phylogeny and ecology of communities along environmental gradients helps to disentangle the role of competition-driven processes and environmental filtering for community assembly. In this study, we evaluated patterns in species richness, phylogenetic structure and life-history traits of bee communities along altitudinal gradients in the Alps, Germany. We found a linear decline in species richness and abundance but increasing phylogenetic clustering in communities with increasing altitude. The proportion of social- and ground-nesting species, as well as mean body size and altitudinal range of bee communities, increased with increasing altitude, whereas the mean geographical distribution decreased. Our results suggest that community assembly at high altitudes is dominated by environmental filtering effects, whereas the relative importance of competition increases at low altitudes. We conclude that inherent phylogenetic and ecological species attributes at high altitudes pose a threat for less competitive alpine specialists with ongoing climate change.

scholarly journals Asymmetrical Warming Between Elevations May Result in Similar Plant Community Composition Between Elevations in Alpine Grasslands

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangwei Wang ◽  
Chengqun Yu ◽  
Gang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Plant Community Composition ◽  
Alpine Grasslands ◽  
Phylogenetic Composition ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Asymmetrical warming between elevations is a common phenomenon and warming magnitude increases with increasing elevations on the Tibetan Plateau, which in turn may reduce temperature differences between elevations. However, it is still unclear how such phenomenon will affect plant community composition in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, in this study, we performed an experiment at three elevations (i.e., 4,300 m, 4,500 m, and 4,700 m) in alpine grasslands, the Northern Tibetan Plateau since May, 2010. Open top chambers were established at the elevations 4,500 m and 4,700 m. Plant species and phylogenetic composition were investigated in August, 2011–2019. There were no significant differences in plant species and phylogenetic composition, environmental temperature and moisture conditions between the elevation 4,300 m under non-warming conditions and the elevation 4,500 m under warming conditions in 2019. There were also no significant differences in plant species composition, environmental temperature and moisture conditions between the elevation 4,500 m under non-warming conditions and the elevation 4,700 m under warming conditions in 2019. Therefore, the narrowing temperature differences between elevations may result in plant community composition between elevations tending to be similar in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau under future elevational asymmetrical warming.

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