Distribution of Тrifolium rubens in Ukraine and the current state of its populations in Zakarpattia

Trifolium rubens is a Central European forest-steppe plant species reaching its eastern distribution limit in Ukraine and listed in the Red Book of Ukraine (2009).Our study was carried out in 2016–2020 and aimed to analyze the distribution of T. rubens in Ukraine, to identify the composition of phytocoenoses with T. rubens, and to evaluate the current state of its populations in the Zakarpattia region of Ukraine. The distribution of this species was analyzed based on data obtained from the field surveys, literature, online resources, and herbaria. In total, 78 localities of T. rubens were analyzed. Trifolium rubens was found to be distributed in Zakarpattia, Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil, Rivne, Khmelnytskyi, Chernivtsi, and Vinnytsia regions of Ukraine. Two of these regions (Khmelnytskyi and Chernivtsi) were not mentioned before in the Red Book of Ukraine. The presence of T. rubens in Volyn, Zhytomyr, Cherkasy, and Kyiv regions is doubtful and not confirmed by recent data. Most localities of this species are known from Zakarpattia and Lviv regions.Three new localities were found in the Beregovo district of the Zakarpattia region in the foothills of the Volcanic Carpathians. The floristic compositions of the plant communities and ontogenetic structure of T. rubens populations in Beregovo and Mukachevo districts of the Zakarpattia region were investigated. Investigated populations are isolated with a dispersed disposition of plants on large areas. Trifolium rubens occurs here in meadow-steppe and meadow areas, on hillsides, and also participate in mesoxerophilous secondary (semi-natural) shrub communities in anthropogenically transformed areas. Often such populations are situated along pathways, on forest edges and fallow lands, and associated with ecotones of Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei class. All studied populations were incomplete with the domination of generative shoots.

Comparative assessment of Western Podolia meadow steppes (Ukraine) based on the synphytoindication method

The aim of our study is to establish the determinant ecological factors that have the greatest differential impact on the distribution of meadow steppe plant communities of Western Podolia (Ukraine) on the base of a synphytoindication analysis. There were 8 study sites within the study area in the L’viv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions. To determine the coenotic affinity of the studied species, 48 relevés were analyzed. Numerical classification based on the Modified TWINSPAN algorithm divided the dataset into five clusters, which have been identified as the associations Pastinaco sativae-Arrhenatheretum elatioris, Geranio sanguinei-Trifolietum alpestris, Inuletum ensifoliae, Jurineo calcareae-Stipetum capillatae and Lembotropio nigricans-Potentilletum arenariae. The results of gradient analyses indicate that the distribution of meadow steppe communities in the Podolia Upland closely correlates with a number of climatic (thermoregime and continentality of climate) and especially edaphic (soil humidity, soil acidity and carbonate content) ecological factors.

CRЕATIVE INTERPRETATION OF THE FОLKLОRE PHYTONYM "PERECOTYPOLE" IN THE UKRАINIAN LІTERATURE OF THE XIX CЕNTURY

Thе relevance of this scientific statistic will begin before we start, as the Ukrainian literature of the 19th century will require more detailed reassessment. We are very important in the development of folklore warehouse, some of the folklore itself has become an unacceptable dzherel for the establishment of the actualization of artistic themes and images that were given to the dobies. Folklorе images were found in the folk culture and integrated in the creative palette of Ukrainian writing. After the hour of writing robots, a hermeneutic, descriptive, systemic and systematic method of reading has been obtained. This аrticle is devoted to the problem of creative interpretation of the folk phytonym "perekotypole" on the basis of works of Ukrainian literature of the XIX century, in particular the article considers the ballad "Pokotypole" by A. Metlinsky, the Russian-language story nun "and the poem" We are so similar in autumn "by T. Shevchenko, L. Glibov's fable" Perekotypole ". Allusions to European romantic literature have also been identified in the study of the creative interpretation of the folklore image of the perekotypol. In the cоurse of research it is proved that the folk tale about perekotypole is consonant with F. Schiller's ballad "Ivik's cranes". Both works show that both the steppe plant and the cranes in the sky can be silent witnesses to the ruthless violent death of a person, and in the end they help solve the murder and help punish the thief. Among all the works analyzed in the article, it is worth noting the Russian-language story "Perekatypole" by G. Kvitka-Osnovyanenko, which at one time was not republished at all and was removed from the list of the author's academic publication. Thе study highlights the levels of transformation of the folk image of the perekotypol in various literary genres of Ukrainian literature of the XIX century: direct, secondary, indirect. The emotional and semantic load of the folk phytonym "perekotypole" in the artistic texts of the mentioned period is also determined. This image in the structure of the lіterary text serves as a silent witness to the murder (folk tales about Perekotypole, the bаllad "Pokotypole" by A. Metlinsky, "Perekotypole" by G. Kvitka-Osnovyanenko), symbolizes the state of loneliness, orphan destiny (poetry of T. Shevchenko), еmbodies the image of barrenness and alienation (L. Glшbov's fable "Perekotipole"). The study is promising in terms of further study of Ukrainian literature of the nineteenth century, its links with folklore, as well as with the European literature of Romanticism.

Structure of cenopopulations Clausia aprica (Stephan) Korn.-Tr. on the border of the area

The aim of this work was to identify and analyze the ontogenetic and spatial structure of steppe plant Clausia aprica (Stephan) Korn.-Tr. (Brassicaceae) cenopopulations at the border of distribution. The study of cenopopulations and their habitat conditions was conducted at 2006–2021 in Samara, Volgograd, and Orenburg Oblasts (Russian Federation). For the first time determined the polyvariance of development of individuals, the duration of ontogenetic stages and complete ontogenesis, peculiarities of spatial location and evaluation of running window methods. A table of prohibitions and resolutions of transitions between ontogenetic states was compiled for C. aprica ontogenesis. It was found that permissions of transitions between ontogenetic states are 37.8%. In natural cenopopulations, mutual transitions of individuals from one ontogenetic state to another has adaptive significance and determines the dynamics of the ontogenetic structure. At intervals of 6-8 years, a slight increase in the number of C. aprica individuals is observed in the populations, which is ensured by the efficiency of seed reproduction. Thus, self-maintenance and self-renewal of species populations is possible in case of low level of anthropogenic impact on vegetation cover of territories.

Structure and ecological features of the Yeravninsky steppes flora (Western Transbaikalia)

The paper is devoted to the characteristics of the floristic diversity of steppe vegetation in the southern part of the Vitim plateau in Yeravninskaya and Uldurginskaya basins. There is a southern border of the permafrost. The flora of the steppes is characterized by a depleted composition in comparison with the steppes of the Selenga middle mountains. Some widespread plant species of the true steppes of the Central Asia are absent here. The basis of the ecological and phytocoenotic structure is the steppe group, which is dominated by mountain and forest-steppe plant species. There is less participation of the true steppe species; this fact indicates an insular nature of these steppes. A group of light-coniferous species is significant; they are the part of the cryoarid forest-steppe complexes of the Vitim plateau. In the ecological structure of the flora xeromesophyte and gemixerophyte species dominate. They have the most important coenotic role in the formation of the vegetation cover of these steppes. The cereals species are of high coenotic significance, there are indicators of the dry bunchgrass steppes of Southern Siberia (Poa botryoides (Trin. ex Griseb.) Roshev., Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers.). The role of mesoxerophytic of East Asian and Daurian-Manchurian species is also high (Filifolium sibiricum (L.) Kitam., Stellera chamaejasme L., Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd.). They are typical for meadow steppes of the Central Asian sector of the Palearctic.

Species of herbivore mammals in Striltsivsky Steppe and their environment-forming role for the ecosystems of the nature reserve

The article describes the key herbivore mammals species of in Striltsivsky Steppe. The authors noticed changes in the list of mammalian genera, namely, a decrease in the number of certain groups of characteristic steppe plant feeders, as well as the appearance and distribution of species common for forest biotopes. An increase in the number of large plant feeders (such as wild boar and roe deer) was noted, although the nature and scale of their environment-forming role are insufficient in suppressing reservogenic successions of the vegetation cover. Based on own observations and literature data analysis, the authors predict that the relevant trends in the flora and fauna composition in the reserve will continue in the future provided that the current regime of its territory remains the same.