scholarly journals Scaling the extinction vortex: Body size as a predictor of population dynamics close to extinction events

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan F. Williams ◽  
Louise McRae ◽  
Robin Freeman ◽  
Pol Capdevila ◽  
Christopher F. Clements
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Extinction Events ◽  
Extinction Vortex

Mass extinctions alter extinction and origination dynamics with respect to body size

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1960) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro M. Monarrez ◽  
Noel A. Heim ◽  
Jonathan L. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Mass Extinctions ◽  
Extinction Selectivity ◽  
Extinction Events ◽  
Mass Extinction Events ◽  
Marine Biosphere

Whether mass extinctions and their associated recoveries represent an intensification of background extinction and origination dynamics versus a separate macroevolutionary regime remains a central debate in evolutionary biology. The previous focus has been on extinction, but origination dynamics may be equally or more important for long-term evolutionary outcomes. The evolution of animal body size is an ideal process to test for differences in macroevolutionary regimes, as body size is easily determined, comparable across distantly related taxa and scales with organismal traits. Here, we test for shifts in selectivity between background intervals and the ‘Big Five’ mass extinction events using capture–mark–recapture models. Our body-size data cover 10 203 fossil marine animal genera spanning 10 Linnaean classes with occurrences ranging from Early Ordovician to Late Pleistocene (485–1 Ma). Most classes exhibit differences in both origination and extinction selectivity between background intervals and mass extinctions, with the direction of selectivity varying among classes and overall exhibiting stronger selectivity during origination after mass extinction than extinction during the mass extinction. Thus, not only do mass extinction events shift the marine biosphere into a new macroevolutionary regime, the dynamics of recovery from mass extinction also appear to play an underappreciated role in shaping the biosphere in their aftermath.

scholarly journals Larval density, temperature and biological aspects of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Reigada ◽  
W.A.C. Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Chrysomya Megacephala ◽  
Life History Characteristics ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Experimental Populations ◽  
Simultaneous Influence

The effect of larval density on the survival, fecundity and body size at two temperatures in experimental populations of C. megacephala was studied. No effect from simultaneous influence of density and temperature on life history characteristics of C. megacephala was found. Significant effects of density and temperature on survival, fecundity and body size were observed. The importance of these results for the population dynamics of C. megacephala is discussed.

scholarly journals The body-size dependence of mutual interference

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 20140261 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. DeLong
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Size Dependence ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Mutual Interference ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stabilizing Effect ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Size Scales

The parameters that drive population dynamics typically show a relationship with body size. By contrast, there is no theoretical or empirical support for a body-size dependence of mutual interference, which links foraging rates to consumer density. Here, I develop a model to predict that interference may be positively or negatively related to body size depending on how resource body size scales with consumer body size. Over a wide range of body sizes, however, the model predicts that interference will be body-size independent. This prediction was supported by a new dataset on interference and consumer body size. The stabilizing effect of intermediate interference therefore appears to be roughly constant across size, while the effect of body size on population dynamics is mediated through other parameters.

scholarly journals Linking individual phenotype to density-dependent population growth: the influence of body size on the population dynamics of malaria vectors

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1721) ◽  
pp. 3142-3151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya L. Russell ◽  
Dickson W. Lwetoijera ◽  
Bart G. J. Knols ◽  
Willem Takken ◽  
Gerry F. Killeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the endogenous factors that drive the population dynamics of malaria mosquitoes will facilitate more accurate predictions about vector control effectiveness and our ability to destabilize the growth of either low- or high-density insect populations. We assessed whether variation in phenotypic traits predict the dynamics of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes, the most important vectors of human malaria. Anopheles gambiae dynamics were monitored over a six-month period of seasonal growth and decline. The population exhibited density-dependent feedback, with the carrying capacity being modified by rainfall (97% w AIC c support). The individual phenotypic expression of the maternal ( p = 0.0001) and current ( p = 0.040) body size positively influenced population growth. Our field-based evidence uniquely demonstrates that individual fitness can have population-level impacts and, furthermore, can mitigate the impact of exogenous drivers (e.g. rainfall) in species whose reproduction depends upon it. Once frontline interventions have suppressed mosquito densities, attempts to eliminate malaria with supplementary vector control tools may be attenuated by increased population growth and individual fitness.

scholarly journals Population dynamics and body-size selection in Daphnia

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Tessier ◽  
Andrew Young ◽  
Mathew Leibold
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Size Selection

Temporal change in body mass of two sympatric hamster species and implications for population dynamics

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Yan ◽  
Tongqin Xu ◽  
Xiaoping Cao ◽  
Fusheng Wang ◽  
Shuqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Maximum Body

Shifting of body size distributions of animals has been a long-time focus in population ecology, but the underlying mechanism of density-dependent changes in body size and its implications for population dynamics of animals are largely unknown. In this 26-year study, we investigated intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting body mass of the Chinese striped hamster (Cricetulus barabensis Pallas, 1773) and the greater long-tailed hamster (Tscherskia triton de Winton, 1899) in the Northern China Plain. We proposed three hypotheses to explain body mass shifts in the two hamster species: growth, survival, and reproduction hypotheses. Our results showed that mean and maximum body masses of both hamster species were positively correlated with population density, and that this density-dependent change in body mass is more likely to be caused by a change in mortality rates, not by a change in growth rates or reproduction rates. The sustained decline of body mass during the study period was probably caused by increased mortality owing to an increase in the area of agricultural irrigation. Our results suggest that, under the condition of lacking survival and growth data, the maximum body mass (which represents survival rate), minimum body mass (which represents growth rate), and mean body mass are very useful criteria in revealing intrinsic and extrinsic effects on population dynamics and the underlying mechanisms.

Body size and population dynamics of enchytraeids with different disturbance histories and nutrient dynamics

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 638-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouni K. Nieminen ◽  
Jari Haimi
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics

Body size and population dynamics of annual fishes from temporary wetlands in Southern Brazil

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 827 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus V. Volcan ◽  
Ândrio C. Gonçalves ◽  
Demetrio Luis Guadagnin
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Temporary Wetlands ◽  
Southern Brazil

scholarly journals Predation of freshwater jellyfish on Bosmina : the consequences for population dynamics, body size, and morphology

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 530-531 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Size And Morphology
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