scholarly journals Effects of intraspecific competition and body mass on diet specialization in a mammalian scavenger

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C. Lewis ◽  
Channing Hughes ◽  
Tracey L. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Diet Specialization

scholarly journals Evidence for competition and cannibalism in wormlions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inon Scharf ◽  
May Hershkovitz Reshef ◽  
Bar Avidov ◽  
Ofer Ovadia
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Relative Lack ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Limited Space ◽  
Suitable Space ◽  
Web Building

AbstractTrap-building predators, such as web-building spiders and pit-building antlions, construct traps to capture their prey. These predators compete over sites that either enable the construction of suitable traps, are prey rich, or simply satisfy their abiotic requirements. We examined the effect of intraspecific competition over suitable space in pit-building wormlions. As expected, the ability of wormlions to select their favorable microhabitats—shaded or deep sand over lit or shallow sand—decreased with increasing density. Favorable microhabitats were populated more frequently by large than by small individuals and the density of individuals in the favorable microhabitat decreased with their increase in body mass. The advantage of large individuals in populating favorable microhabitats is nevertheless not absolute: both size categories constructed smaller pits when competing over a limited space compared to those constructed in isolation. The outcome of competition also depends on the type of habitat: deep sand is more important for large wormlions than small ones, while shade is similarly important for both size classes. Finally, in contrast to previous reports, cannibalism is shown here to be possible in wormlions. Its prevalence however is much lower compared to that documented in other trap-building predators. Our findings show that the advantage of large individuals over small ones should not be taken for granted, as it can depend on the environmental context. We present suggestions for the relative lack of competitive advantage of large wormlion individuals compared to other trap-building predators, which may stem from the absence of obvious weaponry, such as sharp mandibles.

scholarly journals Pesticide use is linked to increased body size in a large mammalian carnivore

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-229
Author(s):  
M Letnic ◽  
M S Crowther
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Skull Length ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Pollution and pesticide use have been linked to evolution of chemical resistance and phenotypic shifts in invertebrates, but less so in vertebrates. Here we provide evidence that poisoning directed towards a mammalian carnivore, the dingo (Canis dingo), is linked to an increase in dingo body mass. We compared the skull length of dingoes, a proxy for size, from three regions where dingo populations were controlled by distributing poisoned meat baits and an unbaited region, before and after the introduction of the toxin sodium fluoroacetate (Compound 1080). Following 1080 introduction, dingo skull length increased in baited regions but not in the unbaited region. We estimate that after 1080 introduction, the skull length of female and male dingoes in baited regions increased by 4.49 and 3.6 mm, respectively. This equates to a 1.02- and 0.86-kg increase in mean body masses of female and male dingoes, respectively. We hypothesize that dingo body size has increased in baited regions due to 1080 selecting for animals with larger body size or because a reduction in dingo abundance in baited areas may have removed constraints on growth imposed by intraspecific competition and prey availability. Our study provides evidence that pesticide use can prompt phenotypic change in comparatively large and long-lived large vertebrates.

scholarly journals Latitudinal variation in ecological opportunity and intraspecific competition indicates differences in niche variability and diet specialization of Arctic marine predators

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1666-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Yurkowski ◽  
Steve Ferguson ◽  
Emily S. Choy ◽  
Lisa L. Loseto ◽  
Tanya M. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Latitudinal Variation ◽  
Ecological Opportunity ◽  
Diet Specialization ◽  
Marine Predators

The interaction of intraspecific competition and habitat on individual diet specialization: a near range-wide examination of sea otters

Oecologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth D. Newsome ◽  
M. Tim Tinker ◽  
Verena A. Gill ◽  
Zachary N. Hoyt ◽  
Angela Doroff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Sea Otters ◽  
Diet Specialization

Effect of gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and hiatus hernia (HH) on heartburn (HB) resolution in endoscopy-negative GERD patients

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A434-A435
Author(s):  
P KATZ ◽  
N VAKIL ◽  
C HWANG ◽  
J LEVINE
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Hiatus Hernia

191: Does the Body Mass Index Affect the Outcome Following Reconstruction of Orthotopic Neobladder?

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 64-64
Author(s):  
Murugesan Manoharan ◽  
Martha A. Reyes ◽  
Alan M. Nieder ◽  
Bruce R. Kava ◽  
MarkS Soloway
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Orthotopic Neobladder

477: Body Mass Index and Impact on PSA Screening and Prostate Cancer Detection in the Plco Trial

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 155-155
Author(s):  
Robert L. Grubb ◽  
David L. Levin ◽  
Paul F. Pinsky ◽  
Jerome Mabie ◽  
Thomas L. Riley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Prostate Cancer Detection ◽  
Psa Screening

1887: Predicting ESWL Stone-Free Rates Using Body Mass Index and Hounsfield Units

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 498-499
Author(s):  
Gyan Pareek ◽  
J. James Bruno ◽  
Georgia Panagopoulos ◽  
Noel A. Armenakas ◽  
John A. Fracchia
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Hounsfield Units
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