scholarly journals Follicular B helper T cell activity is confined to CXCR5hiICOShi CD4 T cells and is independent of CD57 expression

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1892-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ata-Ur Rasheed ◽  
Hans-Peter Rahn ◽  
Federica Sallusto ◽  
Martin Lipp ◽  
Gerd Müller
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Helper T Cell

scholarly journals Regulatory functions of hapten-reactive helper and suppressor T lymphocytes. II. Selective inactivation of hapten-reactive suppressor T cells by hapten-nonimmunogenic copolymers of D-amino acids, and its application to the study of suppressor T-cell effect on helper T-cell development

1977 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Hamaoka ◽  
M Yoshizawa ◽  
H Yamamoto ◽  
M Kuroki ◽  
M Kitagawa
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
T Cell Development ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Helper T Cells ◽  
Suppressor T Cells ◽  
Helper T Cell ◽  
Suppressor T Cell ◽  
Suppressor T Lymphocytes

An experimental condition was established in vivo for selectively eliminating hapten-reactive suppressor T-cell activity generated in mice primed with a para-azobenzoate (PAB)-mouse gamma globulin (MGG)-conjugate and treated with PAB-nonimmunogenic copolymer of D-amino acids (D- glutamic acid and D-lysine; D-GL). The elimination of suppressor T-cell activity with PAB-D-GL treatment from the mixed populations of hapten- reactive suppressor and helper T cells substantially increased apparent helper T-cell activity. Moreover, the inhibition of PAB-reactive suppressor T-cell generation by the pretreatment with PAB-D-GL before the PAB-MGG-priming increased the development of PAB-reactive helper T-cell activity. The analysis of hapten-specificity of helper T cells revealed that the reactivity of helper cells developed in the absence of suppressor T cells was more specific for primed PAB-determinants and their cross-reactivities to structurally related determinants such as meta-azobenzoate (MAB) significantly decreased, as compared with the helper T-cell population developed in the presence of suppressor T lymphocytes. In addition, those helper T cells generated in the absence of suppressor T cells were highly susceptible to tolerogenesis by PAB-D- GL. Similarly, the elimination of suppressor T lymphocytes also enhanced helper T-cell activity in a polyclonal fashion in the T-T cell interactions between benzylpenicilloyl (BPO)-reactive T cells and PAB- reactive T cells after immunization of mice with BPO-MGG-PAB. Thus inhibition of BPO-reactive suppressor T-cell development by the BPO-v-GL- pretreatment resulted in augmented generation of PAB-reactive helper T cells with higher susceptibility of tolerogenesis to PAB-D-GL. Thus, these results support the notion that suppressor T cells eventually suppress helper T-cell activity and indicate that the function of suppressor T cells related to helper T-cell development is to inhibit the increase in the specificity and apparent affinity of helper T cells in the primary immune response. The hapten-reactive suppressor and helper T lymphocytes are considered as a model system of T cells that regulate the immune response, and the potential applicability of this system to manipulating various T cell-mediated immune responses is discussed in this context.

scholarly journals Virus-replicating T cells in the immune response of mice. II. Characterization of T cells capable of replicating vesicular stomatitis virus.

1978 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Minato ◽  
Y Katsura
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Helper T Cells ◽  
Suppressor T Cells ◽  
Helper T Cell ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

Immunocytological properties of the splenic T cell (Tv) which develop into virus plaque-forming cells in response to the antigenic challenge in vitro were investigated in relation to the properties of helper T cells and suppressor T cells in antibody response. Tv was observed in spleen around 1 wk after the intravenous injection of mice with 10(7) sheep erythrocytes. This contrasted with the finding that both helper T cells and suppressor T cells developed as early as 3 days after the immunization. Tv was proliferative in response to the antigenic stimulation, whereas helper T-cell activity could be expressed without cell division. Development of Tv to virus plaque-forming cells was much more dependent on macrophages than the generation of helper activity. Tv was found in nylon wool adherent fraction, whereas helper T cell was found in both nylon adherent and nonadherent fractions. Tv belongs to the short-lived and nonrecirculating T-cell population (T1), whereas the major part of helper T cells belongs to the long-lived and recirculating T-cell population (T2). These results strongly suggest that vesicular stomatitis virus infect and replicate in the different subset(s) of T cell(s) to which the major part of helper T cells belong.

CD4+ T Cells Regulate the Magnitude of the Antibody Response to Several Helper T Cell Independent Antigens

Immunobiology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 183 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Elkins ◽  
R. Mark L. Buller ◽  
Philip W. Stashak ◽  
Phillip J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Helper T Cell

scholarly journals Regulatory functions of hapten-reactive helper and suppressor T lymphocytes. III. Amplification of a generation of tumor-specific killer T-lymphocyte activities by suppressor T-cell-depleted hapten-reactive T lymphocytes.

1979 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Hamaoka ◽  
H Fujiwara ◽  
K Teshima ◽  
H Aoki ◽  
H Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Helper T Cell ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Helper T Lymphocytes ◽  
Lymphocyte Activity

2,4.6-trinitrophenyl (TNP)-reactive T-cell activities were raised in mice by immunization with TNP-isologous mouse gamma globulin. After establishing that TNP-reactive T lymphocytes can serve as amplifier cells for induction of killer T lymphocytes in allogeneic system, we explored the possibility of this hapten-reactive T-cell system to amplify tumor-specific killer T-lymphocyte activity in the syngeneic system. We utlized relatively weak immunogenic syngeneic plasmacytoma X5563 in C3H/He mice. Analysis of the TNP-reactive T-cell activities revealed that such T lymphocytes express the biological functions of both major subtypes of regulatory T cells, namely suppressors and helpers, and that TNP-reactive suppressor and helper T lymphocytes, respectively, differ in their relative susceptibility to specific inactivation by TNP conjugates of the nonimmunogenic D-amino acid copolymer, D-glutamic acid, and D-lysine (D-GL). By taking advantage of the relative susceptibility-difference to TNP-D-GL, selective inactivation of TNP-reactive suppressor T cells was induced by appropriate treatment with TNP-D-GL, and the generation of TNP-reactive helper T-cell activity was amplified. The supplement of augmented TNP-reactive helper T-cell activity to the system at the immunization with syngeneic X5563 with TNP-haptenation, resulted in a striking augmentation of induction of tumor-specific killer T-lymphocyte activity, and a considerable number of hosts survived after the challenge with lethal dose of viable tumor cells. Thus, appropriate manipulations designed to induce potent hapten-reactive helper T-lymphocytes provided the potential for a very effective mode of immunoprophylaxis against tumor.

scholarly journals CD28 expression is required after T cell priming for helper T cell responses and protective immunity to infection

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A Linterman ◽  
Alice E Denton ◽  
Devina P Divekar ◽  
Ilona Zvetkova ◽  
Leanne Kane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Helper T Cell ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Follicular Helper ◽  
T Cell Priming

The co-stimulatory molecule CD28 is essential for activation of helper T cells. Despite this critical role, it is not known whether CD28 has functions in maintaining T cell responses following activation. To determine the role for CD28 after T cell priming, we generated a strain of mice where CD28 is removed from CD4+ T cells after priming. We show that continued CD28 expression is important for effector CD4+ T cells following infection; maintained CD28 is required for the expansion of T helper type 1 cells, and for the differentiation and maintenance of T follicular helper cells during viral infection. Persistent CD28 is also required for clearance of the bacterium Citrobacter rodentium from the gastrointestinal tract. Together, this study demonstrates that CD28 persistence is required for helper T cell polarization in response to infection, describing a novel function for CD28 that is distinct from its role in T cell priming.

scholarly journals Depletion of CD4 T cells enhances immunotherapy for neuroblastoma after syngeneic HSCT but compromises development of antitumor immune memory

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (18) ◽  
pp. 4449-4457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqing Jing ◽  
Jill A. Gershan ◽  
Bryon D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Immunotherapeutic Approach

Abstract High-risk neuroblastoma remains a clinically challenging disease. Here, we report that a multifaceted immunotherapeutic approach including syngeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), adoptive transfer of sensitized T cells (from syngeneic donors vaccinated to tumor antigens), and early posttransplantation tumor vaccination can effectively treat mice with established neuroblastoma. Vaccination was an important component of this immunotherapy, as it resulted in enhanced and prolonged tumor-specific CD8 T-cell activity and improved antitumor efficacy. Surprisingly, CD4 cell depletion of mice given sensitized T cells resulted in better tumor-free survival, which was associated with an early increased expansion of CD8 T cells with an effector phenotype, increased numbers of tumor-reactive CD8 T cells, and increased tumor infiltration by CD8 T cells. However, in the absence of CD4 T cells, development of long-term tumor immunity (memory) was severely compromised as reflected by diminished CD8 T-cell recall responses and an inability to resist tumor rechallenge in vivo. Based on these results, a major challenge with this immunotherapeutic approach is how to obtain the ideal initial antitumor response but still preserve antitumor immune memory. These data suggest that identification and selective depletion of immune inhibitory CD4 T cells may be a strategy to enhance early antitumor immunity and induce a long-lasting tumor response after HSCT.

Tea pigments inhibit the production of type 1 (TH1) and type 2 (TH2) helper T cell cytokines in CD4+ T cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiyo Tomita ◽  
Kara I. Irwin ◽  
Zi-Jian Xie ◽  
Thomas J. Santoro
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Helper T Cell
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