scholarly journals Retention of Ag-specific memory CD4+ T cells in the draining lymph node indicates lymphoid tissue resident memory populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 860-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare L. Marriott ◽  
Emma E Dutton ◽  
Michio Tomura ◽  
David R. Withers
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Draining Lymph Node ◽  
Memory Cd4 T Cells

scholarly journals CD4 T Cell Responses in Lung Tissue and Their Role in Th2 Protective Immunity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Marina Catherine Goudie Harvie
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Memory Cd4 T Cells

<p>The acquisition of protective immunity is a critical feature of the immune system. It is the unique ability of the adaptive immune response to generate and maintain long-lived antigen specific memory cells, which is the key to preventing reinfection and achieving the goal of protective immunity. The importance of secondary lymphoid tissue (such as lymph nodes) as a site of effector CD4 T cell responses and the generation, dissemination and maintenance of memory CD4 T cells is well accepted. However, a key research area needing investigation is the basic biology of the CD4 T cell, particularly the recirculation, distribution and maintenance of CD4 T cells at sites throughout the body. To address these issues we used Nippostrongylus brasiliensis as a model of CD4 mediated protective immunity, combined with G4/IL-4 reporter mice. We show that the lung environment is critical for the priming of CD4 T cells and conferring protective immunity. In contrast to others we find no protective role for the CD4 T cell population of the skin and only a minor role for the population within the gut. In a separate study we used the drug fingolimod (FTY720) to block the cellular trafficking between lymph node and lung tissue during immune responses. Interestingly, our findings show that protection against N. brasiliensis infection is maintained when CD4 T cell recirculation between the lung and lymph node is blocked. Furthermore, we reveal that peripheral lung residing CD4 T cells are sufficient for conferring protective immunity in the N. brasiliensis model, generating support for the model of effector lymphoid tissue. When N. brasiliensis experienced CD4 T cells were localised to the lung by intranasal adoptive transfer they were able to confer protection against infection in otherwise naive animals, as early as 48 hours post infection. The most striking finding of this work is the discovery that memory CD4 T cells residing in the lung that are sufficient to confer protection against reinfection. Identifying the factors in the lung and lymph node that induce and support this CD4 T cell subset will be an important area of future research given its high relevance to the design of vaccines against parasite infections.</p>

scholarly journals CD4 T Cell Responses in Lung Tissue and Their Role in Th2 Protective Immunity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Marina Catherine Goudie Harvie
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Memory Cd4 T Cells

<p>The acquisition of protective immunity is a critical feature of the immune system. It is the unique ability of the adaptive immune response to generate and maintain long-lived antigen specific memory cells, which is the key to preventing reinfection and achieving the goal of protective immunity. The importance of secondary lymphoid tissue (such as lymph nodes) as a site of effector CD4 T cell responses and the generation, dissemination and maintenance of memory CD4 T cells is well accepted. However, a key research area needing investigation is the basic biology of the CD4 T cell, particularly the recirculation, distribution and maintenance of CD4 T cells at sites throughout the body. To address these issues we used Nippostrongylus brasiliensis as a model of CD4 mediated protective immunity, combined with G4/IL-4 reporter mice. We show that the lung environment is critical for the priming of CD4 T cells and conferring protective immunity. In contrast to others we find no protective role for the CD4 T cell population of the skin and only a minor role for the population within the gut. In a separate study we used the drug fingolimod (FTY720) to block the cellular trafficking between lymph node and lung tissue during immune responses. Interestingly, our findings show that protection against N. brasiliensis infection is maintained when CD4 T cell recirculation between the lung and lymph node is blocked. Furthermore, we reveal that peripheral lung residing CD4 T cells are sufficient for conferring protective immunity in the N. brasiliensis model, generating support for the model of effector lymphoid tissue. When N. brasiliensis experienced CD4 T cells were localised to the lung by intranasal adoptive transfer they were able to confer protection against infection in otherwise naive animals, as early as 48 hours post infection. The most striking finding of this work is the discovery that memory CD4 T cells residing in the lung that are sufficient to confer protection against reinfection. Identifying the factors in the lung and lymph node that induce and support this CD4 T cell subset will be an important area of future research given its high relevance to the design of vaccines against parasite infections.</p>

scholarly journals Th1-like Plasmodium -Specific Memory CD4 + T Cells Support Humoral Immunity

Cell Reports ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1839-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Zander ◽  
Rahul Vijay ◽  
Angela D. Pack ◽  
Jenna J. Guthmiller ◽  
Amy C. Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Memory Cd4 T Cells

scholarly journals Ex Vivo Phenotype and Frequency of Influenza Virus-Specific CD4 Memory T Cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (13) ◽  
pp. 7284-7287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Lucas ◽  
Cheryl L. Day ◽  
Jessica R. Wyer ◽  
Sharon L. Cunliffe ◽  
Andrew Loughry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Tetramer Staining ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Memory Cd4 T Cells

ABSTRACT Recent advances in class II tetramer staining technology have allowed reliable direct ex vivo visualization of antigen-specific CD4 T cells. In order to define the frequency and phenotype of a prototype response to a nonpersistent pathogen, we have used such techniques to analyze influenza virus-specific memory CD4 T cells directly from blood. These responses are stably detectable ex vivo at low frequencies (range, 0.00012 to 0.0061% of CD4 T cells) and display a distinct “central memory” CD62L+ phenotype.

scholarly journals HIV-1 Viremia Prevents the Establishment of Interleukin 2–producing HIV-specific Memory CD4+ T Cells Endowed with Proliferative Capacity

2003 ◽  
Vol 198 (12) ◽  
pp. 1909-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souheil-Antoine Younes ◽  
Bader Yassine-Diab ◽  
Alain R. Dumont ◽  
Mohamed-Rachid Boulassel ◽  
Zvi Grossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Memory Cells ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Memory Cd4 T Cells

CD4+ T cell responses are associated with disease control in chronic viral infections. We analyzed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific responses in ten aviremic and eight viremic patients treated during primary HIV-1 infection and for up to 6 yr thereafter. Using a highly sensitive 5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate-succinimidyl ester–based proliferation assay, we observed that proliferative Gag and Nef peptide-specific CD4+ T cell responses were 30-fold higher in the aviremic patients. Two subsets of HIV-specific memory CD4+ T cells were identified in aviremic patients, CD45RA− CCR7+ central memory cells (Tcm) producing exclusively interleukin (IL)-2, and CD45RA− CCR7− effector memory cells (Tem) that produced both IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ. In contrast, in viremic, therapy-failing patients, we found significant frequencies of Tem that unexpectedly produced exclusively IFN-γ. Longitudinal analysis of HIV epitope–specific CD4+ T cells revealed that only cells that had the capacity to produce IL-2 persisted as long-term memory cells. In viremic patients the presence of IFN-γ–producing cells was restricted to periods of elevated viremia. These findings suggest that long-term CD4+ T cell memory depends on IL-2–producing CD4+ T cells and that IFN-γ only–producing cells are short lived. Our data favor a model whereby competent HIV-specific Tcm continuously arise in small numbers but under persistent antigenemia are rapidly induced to differentiate into IFN-γ only–producing cells that lack self-renewal capacity.

scholarly journals Detection of Epstein-Barr virus-specific memory CD4+T cells using a peptide-based cultured enzyme-linked immunospot assay

Immunology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra A. Calarota ◽  
Antonella Chiesa ◽  
Paola Zelini ◽  
Giuditta Comolli ◽  
Lorenzo Minoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Memory Cd4 T Cells

scholarly journals Induction of anergic or regulatory tumor-specific CD4+ T cells in the tumor-draining lymph node

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby Alonso ◽  
Héloïse Flament ◽  
Sébastien Lemoine ◽  
Christine Sedlik ◽  
Emanuel Bottasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Draining Lymph Node ◽  
Tumor Draining Lymph Node

scholarly journals A highly efficient T-cell immunoassay provides assessment of B cell help function of SARS-CoV-2 specific memory CD4+ T cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asgar Ansari ◽  
Shilpa Sachan ◽  
Bimal Prasad Jit ◽  
Ashok Sharma ◽  
Poonam Coshic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Lectin Domain ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Memory Cd4 T Cells

The B cell help function of CD4+ T cells may serve as an immunologic correlate of protective adaptive immunity. The quantitative assessment of the B cell help potential of CD4+ T cells is limited by the lack of suitable antigen-specific functional assays. Here, we describe a highly efficient antigen-specific T-B co-cultures for quantitative measurement of T-dependent B cell responses. Using Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific setup, we show that early priming and activation of CD4+ T cells is important for the mutualistic collaboration between antigen-specific T and B cells, which could be achieved by supplementing the co-cultures with autologous monocytes. We further show that monocyte-derived growth factors provide the impetus for productive T-B collaboration by conferring optimal survivability in the cultured cells. This study provides first evidence of C‐type lectin domain family 11 member A (CLEC11A/SCGF) as an essential growth factor for B cell survival. Importantly, we demonstrate the successful translation of monocyte supplemented T-B co-cultures in qualitative assessment of SARS-CoV-2 specific memory CD4+ T cells by quantifying several correlates of productive T-B cross-talk like plasma cell output, secreted antibody, antibody secreting cells and IL21 secreting T cells. Thus, the method described here can provides qualitative assessment of SARS-CoV-2 spike CD4+ T cells after natural infection and can be applied to assess the B cell help function of memory CD4+ T cells generated in response to COVID-19 vaccine.

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