Investigating protein translocation in the presence of an electrolyte concentration gradient across a solid‐state nanopore

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jugal Saharia ◽  
Y. M. Nuwan D. Y. Bandara ◽  
Min Jun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Protein Translocation

An All Solid-State Electrochemical Electrolyte Analyzer

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 891-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin D Smith ◽  
Robert W Rogers ◽  
Marvin A Genshaw ◽  
Jerome Greyson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Electrode Holder ◽  
Blood Electrolytes ◽  
Thin Wires ◽  
Electrochemical Analyzer ◽  
Electrode Systems

Abstract Ion-selective electrodes have been applied to analysis of blood electrolytes with some success. However, currently available ion-selective electrode systems tend to be elaborate and expensive. We describe a clinical electrolyte analyzer in which inexpensive ion-selective electrodes are used. The electrodes are in the configuration of thin wires and are all solid in construction. They may be dipped directly into undiluted 250-µl samples of serum or plasma, are nondestructive of the sample, and may be used with an expanded-scale pH meter, although a more sensitive electrometer is preferred. The complete electrolyte analyzer consists of an electrode holder, into which the electrodes are plugged, and a solid-state digital electrometer that displays units of electrolyte concentration. A discussion of the thermodynamics essential to the construction of reversible electrodes is also presented, as well as the results of a clinical study in which it is shown that data from a flame photometer and the electrochemical analyzer compare favorably.

scholarly journals Characterising Lithium-Ion Electrolytes via Operando Raman Microspectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Fawdon ◽  
Johannes Ihli ◽  
Fabio La Mantia ◽  
Mauro Pasta
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Model System ◽  
Raman Microspectroscopy ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Li Ion

<div><div><div><p>Knowledge of electrolyte transport and thermodynamic properties in Li-ion and ”beyond Li-ion” technologies is vital for their continued development and success. Here, we present a method for fully characterising electrolyte systems. By measuring the electrolyte concentration gradient over time via operando Raman microspectroscopy, in tandem with potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the Fickian ”apparent” diffusion coefficient, transference number, thermodynamic factor, ionic conductivity and resistance of charge-transfer were quantified within a single experimental setup. Using lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in tetraglyme (G4) as a model system, our study provides a visualisation of the electrolyte concentration gradient; a method for determining key electrolyte properties, and a necessary technique for correlating intermolecular electrolyte structure with the described transport and thermodynamic properties.</p></div></div></div>

A Mixed-Mode Model Considering Soft Impingement Effects for Solid-State Partitioning Phase Transformations

2011 ◽  
Vol 172-174 ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Chen ◽  
Sybrand van der Zwaag
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Numerical Solution ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Original Model ◽  
Polynomial Method ◽  
Soft Impingement ◽  
Kinetics Of

The original mixed-mode model is reformulated by considering the soft impingement effect and applying a general polynomial method of dealing with the concentration gradient in front of the interface. Comparison with the numerical solution shows that the reformulated mixed-mode model is more precise than the original model. The effect of soft impingement on the kinetics of partitioning phase transformation depends on both the growth mode and the degree of super-saturation.

Experimental Research of Protein Translocation Using Solid-state Nanopore

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjie Sha ◽  
Bing Xu ◽  
Yunfei Chen ◽  
Yanjing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Protein Translocation

scholarly journals Characterising lithium-ion electrolytes via operando Raman microspectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Fawdon ◽  
Johannes Ihli ◽  
Fabio La Mantia ◽  
Mauro Pasta
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Model System ◽  
Raman Microspectroscopy ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Li Ion

AbstractKnowledge of electrolyte transport and thermodynamic properties in Li-ion and beyond Li-ion technologies is vital for their continued development and success. Here, we present a method for fully characterising electrolyte systems. By measuring the electrolyte concentration gradient over time via operando Raman microspectroscopy, in tandem with potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the Fickian “apparent” diffusion coefficient, transference number, thermodynamic factor, ionic conductivity and resistance of charge-transfer were quantified within a single experimental setup. Using lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in tetraglyme (G4) as a model system, our study provides a visualisation of the electrolyte concentration gradient; a method for determining key electrolyte properties, and a necessary technique for correlating bulk intermolecular electrolyte structure with the described transport and thermodynamic properties.

THE DEPENDENCE OF CONCENTRATION GRADIENT ON CURRENT DENSITY AT WORKING ELECTRODES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 3304-3310 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. O'Brien ◽  
C. A. Rosenfield ◽  
K. Kinoshita ◽  
W. F. Yakymyshyn ◽  
J. Leja
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Fringe Pattern ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Error Function ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Interferometric Study

An interferometric study of working electrodes in a cell holding less than 1 ml of solution enabled the effects of cell depth, orientation, electrolyte concentration, and temperature on the concentration gradient to be evaluated. The concentration gradient (obtained from the perturbations of a parallel fringe pattern) is an error function of current density, but every factor studied produced deviation from this relationship. The electrodeposition of the following ions has been studied: Cu++, Zn++, Ni++, Ag+, in a wide variety of electrolytes.

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