scholarly journals Deep‐seated gravitational slope deformation (DSGSD) and slow‐moving landslides in the southern Tien Shan Mountains: new insights from InSAR, tectonic and geomorphic analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2333-2348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanayim Teshebaeva ◽  
Helmut Echtler ◽  
Bodo Bookhagen ◽  
Manfred Strecker
Keyword(s):  
Slope Deformation ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Tien Shan Mountains

scholarly journals Measuring and inferring the ice thickness distribution of four glaciers in the Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Lander Van Tricht ◽  
Philippe Huybrechts ◽  
Jonas Van Breedam ◽  
Johannes J. Fürst ◽  
Oleg Rybak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Validation ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Ice Volume ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Radio Echo Sounding ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Tien Shan Mountains

Abstract Glaciers in the Tien Shan mountains contribute considerably to the fresh water used for irrigation, households and energy supply in the dry lowland areas of Kyrgyzstan and its neighbouring countries. To date, reconstructions of the current ice volume and ice thickness distribution remain scarce, and accurate data are largely lacking at the local scale. Here, we present a detailed ice thickness distribution of Ashu-Tor, Bordu, Golubin and Kara-Batkak glaciers derived from radio-echo sounding measurements and modelling. All the ice thickness measurements are used to calibrate three individual models to estimate the ice thickness in inaccessible areas. A cross-validation between modelled and measured ice thickness for a subset of the data is performed to attribute a weight to every model and to assemble a final composite ice thickness distribution for every glacier. Results reveal the thickest ice on Ashu-Tor glacier with values up to 201 ± 12 m. The ice thickness measurements and distributions are also compared with estimates composed without the use of in situ data. These estimates approach the total ice volume well, but local ice thicknesses vary substantially.

scholarly journals An outline of avalanches in the Tien Shan mountains

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Ruji ◽  
Ma Hong ◽  
Wang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Snow Avalanches ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Tien Shan Mountains ◽  
Seasonal Snow Cover

The seasonal snow cover in the Tien Shan mountains is characterized by low density, low liquid-water content and low temperature. It is known as typical dry snow. Large temperature gradients in the basal layer of the snow cover exist throughout the entire period of snow accumulation, and depth hoar is therefore extremely well-developed. Full-depth depth-hoar avalanches, however, seldom occur. Avalanches in the Tien Shan mountains are mostly loose snow avalanches. Although normally not large in size, they are the most dangerous type. The occurrence of hazardous avalanches shows cycles of about ten years because of periodic climatic variations.

Permafrost warming in the Tien Shan Mountains, Central Asia

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 311-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Marchenko ◽  
A.P. Gorbunov ◽  
V.E. Romanovsky
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Permafrost Warming ◽  
Tien Shan Mountains

scholarly journals Flavonoid Diversity of Saussurea and Serratula Species in Tien Shan Mountains

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0700201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Kusano ◽  
Tsukasa Iwashina ◽  
Junichi Kitajima ◽  
Tamaki Mishio
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Flavonoid Composition ◽  
Tien Shan Mountains ◽  
C Nmr

Nine Saussurea species, S. alberti, S. elegans, S. gnaphalodes, S. involucrata, S. konuroba, S. kuschakewiczii, S. leucophylla, S. schanginiana and S. sordida, and Serratula lyratifolia from the Tien Shan Mountains and adjacent area were chemically characterized for flavonoids. Thirty-one flavonoids and one hydroquinone were isolated from the leaves of these species and identified from mass spectrometric, UV, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data, by characterization of hydrolyzates, and direct TLC and HPLC comparisons with authentic samples as kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (1), quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (2), isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside (3), quercetin 3-O-glucoside (4), quercetin 3-O-galactoside (5), kaempferol 5-O-glucoside (6), kaempferol 7-O-glucoside (7), quercetin 5-O-glucoside (8), quercetin 7-O-glucoside (9), isorhamnetin 5-O-glucoside (10), luteolin (11), hispidulin (12), nepetin (13), selagin 7-methyl ether (14), selagin (15), velutin (16), luteolin 7-methyl ether (17), jaceosidin (18), apigenin 7-O-rutinoside (19), apigenin 7-O-glucoside (20), luteolin 7-O-rutinoside (21), luteolin 7-O-glucoside (22), luteolin 7-O-galactoside (23), luteolin 7-O-glucuronide (24), hispidulin 7-O-glucoside (25), nepetin 7-O-glucoside (26), luteolin 5-O-glucoside (27), isovitexin (28), apigenin 6,8-di-C-glycoside (29), isoorientin (30), luteolin 8-C-glycoside (31), and arbutin (32). The nine surveyed Saussurea species differed in their flavonoid composition. It was shown that the genus is not only morphologically, but also chemically diversified.

scholarly journals Energy balance of a snow cover and simulation of snowmelt in the western Tien Shan mountains, China

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Hong ◽  
Liu Zongchao ◽  
Liu Yifeng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Balance Approach ◽  
Mountain Environment ◽  
Incoming Energy ◽  
A Site ◽  
Energy Balance Approach ◽  
Tien Shan Mountains

The energy-balance approach was used to calculate snowmelt at a site in the mid-mountain zone of the western Tien Shan mountains. During a 19-day snowmelt period, the results showed that net radiation and sensible heat fluxes accounted for 76.9 and 23.1% of the incoming energy, while snowmelt and evaporation consumed 97.1 and 2.9% of the energy, respectively. Snowmelt calculated from the energy balance compares favourably with measured values, indicating the suitability of the energy-balance approach for estimating the rate of snowmelt in the mountain environment of the western Tien Shan.

scholarly journals Relation between recent glacier variations and climate in the Tien Shan mountains, central Asia

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Chaohai ◽  
Han Tianding
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Tien Shan Mountains

Since the Little Ice Age, most glaciers in the Tien Shan mountains have been retreating. Owing to an increase in precipitation in most parts of the mountains during the late 1950s to early 1970s, the percentage of receding glaciers and the speed of retreat have tended to decrease in the 1970s. However, the general trend of continuous glacier retreat remains unchanged, in part because the summer air temperature shows no tendency to decrease.In the Tien Shan mountains, as the degree of climatic continentality increases the mass balance becomes more dependent on summer temperature, and accumulation and ablation tend to be lower. Therefore, the responses of glaciers to climatic fluctuations in more continental areas are not synchronous with those in less continental areas, and the amplitude of the glacier variations becomes smaller.

scholarly journals Temperature regime studies and mathematical calculations for dry snow covers in the western Tien Shan mountains, China

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Ma Hong ◽  
Liu Zongchao ◽  
Yang Zhian
Keyword(s):  
Internal Heat ◽  
Internal Heat Source ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Mass Transfer Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tien Shan Mountains ◽  
Snow Temperature

A mathematical model is proposed to simulate the spatial and temporal variations in snow temperature. The model is based on the non-steady, one-dimensional, heat-conduction equation with internal heat source. It gives the change in time of the internal temperature field of the snow as it responds to varying surface temperature and periodic solar radiation. Verification of the model is accomplished by comparing the calculated results with observed data. The model may serve as a basis for quantitative investigations of snow temperature and temperature gradient, and relevent problems such as energy-mass transfer processes. Moreover, it allows better understanding of the relationship between external atmospheric conditions and the internal thermal regime of dry snow covers in the western Tien Shan mountains.

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