The Gut Microbial Community Structure of the North American River Otter ( Lontra canadensis ) in the Alberta Oil Sands Region in Canada: Relationship with Local Environmental Variables and Metal Body Burden

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2516-2526
Author(s):  
Galen Guo ◽  
Kristin M. Eccles ◽  
Morgan McMillan ◽  
Philippe J. Thomas ◽  
Hing Man Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Lontra Canadensis ◽  
The North ◽  
American River ◽  
Metal Body ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

scholarly journals 0243 Sleep-Wake Patterns during Infancy are Associated with Gut Microbial Community Structure in Toddlerhood

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A100-A100
Author(s):  
Megan E Petrov ◽  
Corrie M Whisner ◽  
David McCormick ◽  
Michael Todd ◽  
Elizabeth Reifsnider
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Wake Patterns ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

scholarly journals Comparative Metagenomic Analysis of Chicken Gut Microbial Community, Function, and Resistome to Evaluate Noninvasive and Cecal Sampling Resources

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1718
Author(s):  
Kelang Kang ◽  
Yan Hu ◽  
Shu Wu ◽  
Shourong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Microbial Community Function ◽  
Community Function ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

When conducting metagenomic analysis on gut microbiomes, there is no general consensus concerning the mode of sampling: non-contact (feces), noninvasive (rectal swabs), or cecal. This study aimed to determine the feasibility and comparative merits and disadvantages of using fecal samples or rectal swabs as a proxy for the cecal microbiome. Using broiler as a model, gut microbiomes were obtained from cecal, cloacal, and fecal samples and were characterized according to an analysis of the microbial community, function, and resistome. Cecal samples had higher microbial diversity than feces, while the cecum and cloaca exhibited higher levels of microbial community structure similarity compared with fecal samples. Cecal microbiota possessed higher levels of DNA replicative viability than feces, while fecal microbiota were correlated with increased metabolic activity. When feces were excreted, the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes like tet and ErmG decreased, but some antibiotic genes became more prevalent, such as fexA, tetL, and vatE. Interestingly, Lactobacillus was a dominant bacterial genus in feces that led to differences in microbial community structure, metabolism, and resistome. In conclusion, fecal microbiota have limited potential as a proxy in chicken gut microbial community studies. Thus, feces should be used with caution for characterizing gut microbiomes by metagenomic analysis.

Effect of environmental variables on eukaryotic microbial community structure of land-fast Arctic sea ice

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 797-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Eddie ◽  
Andrew Juhl ◽  
Christopher Krembs ◽  
Charles Baysinger ◽  
Susanne Neuer
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Sea

scholarly journals Macrobdella decora: Old World Leech Gut Microbial Community Structure Conserved in a New World Leech

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Ann McClure ◽  
Michael C. Nelson ◽  
Amy Lin ◽  
Joerg Graf
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Medicinal Leech ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Macrobdella Decora ◽  
Hirudo Verbana ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

ABSTRACTLeeches are found in terrestrial, aquatic, and marine habitats on all continents. Sanguivorous leeches have been used in medicine for millennia. Modern scientific uses include studies of neurons, anticoagulants, and gut microbial symbioses.Hirudo verbana, the European medicinal leech, maintains a gut community dominated by two bacterial symbionts,Aeromonas veroniiandMucinivorans hirudinis, which sometimes account for as much as 97% of the total crop microbiota. The highly simplified gut anatomy and microbiome ofH. verbanamake it an excellent model organism for studying gut microbial dynamics. The North American medicinal leech,Macrobdella decora,is a hirudinid leech native to Canada and the northern U.S.A. In this study we show thatM. decorasymbiont communities are very similar to those inH. verbana.This similarity allowed for an extensive study in which wild caught animals were sampled to determine effects of geographic separation, time of collection, and feeding on the microbiome. Through 16S V4 rRNA deep sequencing we show that: i) theM. decoragut and bladder microbial communities are distinct, ii) theM. decoragut community is affected by feeding and long periods of starvation, and iii) geographic separation does not appear to affect the overall gut microbial community structure. We propose thatM. decorais a replacement forH. verbanafor studies of wild-caught animals and offer evidence for the conservation of annelid symbionts. Successful culturing and comparison of dominant symbionts fromM. decoraandH. verbenawill provide the ability to assess host-symbiont co-evolution in future work.IMPORTANCEBuilding evidence implicates the gut microbiome in regulating animal digestion, nutritional acquisition, immune regulation, development, and even mood regulation. Because of the difficulty of assigning causative relationships in complex gut microbiomes a simplified model for testing hypotheses is necessary. Previous research inHirudo verbanahas suggested this animal as a highly simplified and tractable animal model of gut symbioses. Our data show thatMacrobdella decoramay work just as well asH. verbanawithout the drawback of being an endangered organism and with the added convenience of easy access to field-caught specimens. The similarity of the microbial community structure of species from two different continents reveals the highly-conserved nature of the microbial symbionts in sanguivorous leeches and confirms the medicinal leech as a highly simplified, natural animal model in which to study gut symbioses.

scholarly journals Implantation and Parturition Dates of North American River Otters, Lontra canadensis, in Southern Missouri

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Nathan M. Roberts ◽  
Shawn M. Crimmins ◽  
David A. Hamilton ◽  
Elsa Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Lontra Canadensis ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Implantation Time ◽  
River Otters ◽  
The North ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
American River ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
In The Wild

Despite numerous studies of reproductive dynamics of the North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis), relatively little information exists on the implantation or parturition dates of North American River Otters in the wild. We collected carcasses of North American River Otters that had been legally harvested in southern Missouri, USA, between 1997 and 1999 as part of a larger population dynamics study. Embryos (n = 28) were removed from a subset of North American River Otters (n = 9) during necropsy. Using harvest dates and crown–rump length measurements of embryos, we estimated implantation dates, which ranged from 7 December to 12 January, and parturition dates, which ranged from 8 February to 15 March (assuming an implantation time of 63 days). Our results are similar to other studies that have reported parturition dates ranging from mid-January to early May in more extreme latitudes. Our results suggest that variation in implantation and parturition dates among populations are likely related to factors affected by latitude such as photoperiod and winter weather severity.

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