Forecasting market potential and market penetration of residential water heater load control programs

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa L. Wood ◽  
Josephine A. Mauskopf
Keyword(s):  
Market Potential ◽  
Load Control ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Residential Water

Energy Consumption Modeling of a Heat Pump System for Combined Space Conditioning and Residential Water Heating in a Typical Household in Quito, Ecuador

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Agila ◽  
Guillermo Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater ◽  
Residential Water

This research develops a detailed model for a Water to Water Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH), operating for heating and cooling simultaneously, using two water storage tanks as thermal deposits. The primary function of the system is to produce useful heat for domestic hot water services according to the thermal requirements for an average household (two adults and one child) in the city of Quito, Ecuador. The purpose of the project is to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of implementing thermal storage and heat pump technology to provide efficient thermal services and reduce energy consumption; as well as environmental impacts associated with conventional systems for residential water heating. An energy simulation using TRNSYS 17 is carried to evaluate model operation for one year. The purpose of the simulation is to assess and quantifies the performance, energy consumption and potential savings of integrating heat pump systems with thermal energy storage technology, as well as determines the main parameter affecting the efficiency of the system. Finally, a comparative analysis based on annual energy consumption for different ways to produce hot water is conducted. Five alternatives were examined: (1) electric storage water heater; (2) gas fired water heater; (3) solar water heater; (4) air source heat pump water heater; and (5) a heat pump water heater integrated with thermal storage.

scholarly journals Market penetration of Xpert MTB/RIF in high tuberculosis burden countries: A trend analysis from 2014 - 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Cazabon ◽  
Tripti Pande ◽  
Sandra Kik ◽  
Wayne Van Gemert ◽  
Hojoon Sohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
The Public ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Roll Out

Background: Xpert® MTB/RIF, a rapid tuberculosis (TB) molecular test, was endorsed by the World Health Organization in 2010. Since then, 34.4 million cartridges have been procured under concessional pricing. Although the roll out of this diagnostic is promising, previous studies showed low market penetration. Methods: To assess 3-year trends of market penetration of Xpert MTB/RIF in the public sector, smear and Xpert MTB/RIF volumes for the year 2016 were assessed and policies from 2014-2016 within 22 high-burden countries (HBCs) were studied. A structured questionnaire was sent to representatives of 22 HBCs. The questionnaires assessed the total smear and Xpert MTB/RIF volumes, number of modules and days of operation of GeneXpert machines in National TB Programs (NTPs). Data regarding the use of NTP GeneXpert machines for other diseases and GeneXpert procurement by other disease control programs were collected. Market penetration was estimated by the ratio of total sputum smear volume for initial diagnosis divided by the number of Xpert MTB/RIF tests procured in the public sector. Results: The survey response rate was 21/22 (95%). Smear/Xpert ratios decreased in 17/21 countries and increased in four countries, since 2014. The median ratio decreased from 32.6 (Q1:14.3, Q3: 58.9) in 2014 to 6.0 (Q1: 1.6, Q3: 17.0) in 2016. Nineteen countries (19/19; 100%) were not using GeneXpert machines to their full capacity, however seven countries (7/19; 37%) were running tests for other diseases on their NTP-procured GeneXpert systems in 2017, such as HIV, hepatitis-C virus (HCV), Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Five (5/15; 33%) countries reported GeneXpert procurement by HIV or HCV programs in 2016 and/or 2017. Conclusions: Our results show a positive trend for Xpert MTB/RIF market penetration in 21 HBC public sectors. However, GeneXpert machines were under-utilized for TB, and inadequately exploited as a multi disease technology.

scholarly journals TRENDS IN THE RESIDENTIAL WATER HEATER REPLACEMENT IN JAPAN

2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (691) ◽  
pp. 711-718
Author(s):  
Ken-ichiro NISHIO ◽  
Kenta OFUJI ◽  
Anna WON
Keyword(s):  
Water Heater ◽  
Residential Water

Statistical Analyses on Usage of Water Heater in Urban Residential Buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 748-751
Author(s):  
Zhao Xia Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Residential Water

A survey for water heater in urban residential buildings is carried in Wuhan. The results show that more than 40% subjects use solar energy water heat. More than 20% subjects point out the energy consumption of water heater should be decreased. There are about 24.8% subjects take initial cost as the first place when they chose water heater. 44.2% subjects know about heat pump water heater, but they could not buy it if the initial cost is too high. There are 84% subjects could select heat pump water heater when the cost is no more 20% high than the average price of the common water heaters. Moreover, the energy consumptions of residential water heaters are also investigated. The energy consumption characteristics of water heater in Wuhan are analyzed.

scholarly journals Solar Ray Tracing Analysis to Determine Energy Availability in a CPC Designed for Use as a Residential Water Heater

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Terrón-Hernández ◽  
Manuel I. Peña-Cruz ◽  
J. G. Carrillo ◽  
Ulises Diego-Ayala ◽  
Vicente Flores
Keyword(s):  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Efficient Option ◽  
Prototype Design ◽  
Residential Water

Compound parabolic concentrators are relevant systems used in solar thermal technology. With adequate tailoring, they can be used as an efficient and low-cost alternative in residential water applications. This work presents a simulation study using a ray tracing methodology. With this technique we simulate the interaction between solar rays and solar concentrator to quantify the amount of energy that impinges on the receiver at a particular time. Energy availability is evaluated in a comparison of two configurations: stationary at 21° throughout the year and multi position setup; tilted with respect to the horizontal depending on three seasonal positions: 0° for summer, 16° for spring / autumn and 32° for winter, with the objective of increasing the amount of available energy in each season. The fact that a tracking system can be dispensed with also represents an economical option for the proposed application. The results showed that at 21°, the proposed system works satisfactorily; however, by carrying out the selected angular adjustments, the overall energy availability increased by 22%, resulting in a more efficient option. The methodology developed herein proved to be a valuable tool for prototype design and performance evaluation.

Residential water heater cleaning and occurrence of Legionella in Flint, MI

2020 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 115439 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Rhoads ◽  
Taylor N. Bradley ◽  
Anurag Mantha ◽  
Lauren Buttling ◽  
Tim Keane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Heater ◽  
Residential Water
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