Myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia in cats infected with feline leukemia virus clone33 containing a unique long terminal repeat

CD71 is an immunohistochemical marker used in diagnosing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M6-Er in humans; however, to our knowledge, it has not been reportedly used for immunohistochemistry in veterinary medicine. We evaluated the pathologic features of AML M6-Er in a retrovirus-negative cat and used CD71 to support the diagnosis. A 4-y-old spayed female Scottish Fold cat was presented with lethargy, anorexia, and fever. Whole-blood PCR assay results for pro feline leukemia virus/pro feline immunodeficiency virus and feline vector-borne diseases were negative. Early erythroid precursors were observed in the peripheral blood smear. Fine-needle aspiration of the enlarged spleen and splenic lymph node showed many early erythroid precursors. Bone marrow aspirate smears revealed erythroid hyperplasia with 68.4% erythroid lineage and 3.6% rubriblasts. Dysplastic cells infiltrated other organs. The patient was diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome, progressing to the early phase of AML M6-Er. The patient died on day 121 despite multidrug treatments. Postmortem examination revealed neoplastic erythroblasts infiltrating the bone marrow and other organs. Neoplastic cells were immunopositive for CD71 but immunonegative for CD3, CD20, granzyme B, von Willebrand factor, CD61, myeloperoxidase, and Iba-1. Although further studies are necessary for the application of CD71, our results supported the morphologic diagnosis of AML M6-Er.

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Review for "Epigenetic priming with decitabine followed by low dose idarubicin and cytarabine in acute myeloid leukemia evolving from myelodysplastic syndromes and higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes: a prospective multicenter single‐arm trial"

10.1002/hon.2755/v1/review1 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Myelodysplastic Syndromes ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Low Dose ◽

Acute Myeloid

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Dose-escalation Study of Oral Administration of LP-108 in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS), Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML), or Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct04139434 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Dose Escalation ◽

Myelodysplastic Syndromes ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia ◽

Dose Escalation Study ◽

Myelomonocytic Leukemia ◽

Acute Myeloid

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Double minute chromosomes in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes are associated with complex karyotype, monosomal karyotype, TP53 deletion, and TP53 mutations

Leukemia & Lymphoma ◽

10.1080/10428194.2021.1919663 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Nan Wang ◽

Lijun Yuan ◽

Yu Jing ◽

Keke Fan ◽

Hongshi Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Myelodysplastic Syndromes ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Complex Karyotype ◽

Tp53 Mutations ◽

Double Minute ◽

Monosomal Karyotype ◽

Acute Myeloid ◽

Double Minute Chromosomes

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Altered Spatial Composition of the Immune Cell Repertoire in Association to CD34+ Blasts in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13020186 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 186

Author(s):

Marcus Bauer ◽

Christoforos Vaxevanis ◽

Haifa Kathrin Al-Ali ◽

Nadja Jaekel ◽

Christin Le Hoa Naumann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Myelodysplastic Syndromes ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Multispectral Imaging ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Genetic Alterations ◽

Spatial Proximity ◽

Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Acute Myeloid

Background: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are caused by a stem cell failure and often include a dysfunction of the immune system. However, the relationship between spatial immune cell distribution within the bone marrow (BM), in relation to genetic features and the course of disease has not been analyzed in detail. Methods: Histotopography of immune cell subpopulations and their spatial distribution to CD34+ hematopoietic cells was determined by multispectral imaging (MSI) in 147 BM biopsies (BMB) from patients with MDS, secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML), and controls. Results: In MDS and sAML samples, a high inter-tumoral immune cell heterogeneity in spatial proximity to CD34+ blasts was found that was independent of genetic alterations, but correlated to blast counts. In controls, no CD8+ and FOXP3+ T cells and only single MUM1p+ B/plasma cells were detected in an area of ≤10 μm to CD34+ HSPC. Conclusions: CD8+ and FOXP3+ T cells are regularly seen in the 10 μm area around CD34+ blasts in MDS/sAML regardless of the course of the disease but lack in the surrounding of CD34+ HSPC in control samples. In addition, the frequencies of immune cell subsets in MDS and sAML BMB differ when compared to control BMB providing novel insights in immune deregulation.

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Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide reduces the incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease in patients with acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndromes who receive immune checkpoint inhibitors after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer ◽

10.1136/jitc-2020-001818 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. e001818 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chantal Saberian ◽

Noha Abdel-Wahab ◽

Ala Abudayyeh ◽

Hind Rafei ◽

Jacinth Joseph ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Myelodysplastic Syndromes ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Acute Gvhd ◽

Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Post Transplantation ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Gvhd Prophylaxis ◽

Acute Myeloid

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are being used after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT) to reverse immune dysfunction. However, a major concern for the use of ICIs after alloHCT is the increased risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We analyzed the association between GVHD prophylaxis and frequency of GVHD in patients who had received ICI therapy after alloHCT.MethodsA retrospective study was performed in 21 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (n=16) or myelodysplastic syndromes (n=5) who were treated with antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 (16 patients) or anticytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (5 patients) therapy for disease relapse after alloHCT. Associations between the type of GVHD prophylaxis and incidence of GVHD were analyzed.ResultsFour patients (19%) developed acute GVHD. The incidence of acute GVHD was associated only with the type of post-transplantation GVHD prophylaxis; none of the other variables included (stem cell source, donor type, age at alloHCT, conditioning regimen and prior history of GVHD) were associated with the frequency of acute GVHD. Twelve patients received post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) for GVHD prophylaxis. Patients who received PTCy had a significantly shorter median time to initiation of ICI therapy after alloHCT compared with patients who did not receive PTCy (median 5.1 months compared with 26.6 months). Despite early ICI therapy initiation, patients who received PTCy had a lower observed cumulative incidence of grades 2–4 acute GVHD compared with patients who did not receive PTCy (16% compared with 22%; p=0.7). After controlling for comorbidities and time from alloHCT to ICI therapy initiation, the analysis showed that PTCy was associated with a 90% reduced risk of acute GVHD (HR 0.1, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.6, p=0.01).ConclusionsICI therapy for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndromes after alloHCT may be a safe and feasible option. PTCy appears to decrease the incidence of acute GVHD in this cohort of patients.

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