Sensitized chemiluminescence determination of fluorouracil in pharmaceutical and biological fluids based on potassium permanganate oxidation in the presence of formaldehyde

We proposed two simple, rapid, and convenient spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of Amoxicillin in bulk and its pharmaceutical preparations. They are based on the measurement of the flame atomic emission of potassium ion (in first method) and colorimetric determination of the green colored solution for manganite ion at 610 nm formed after reaction of Amoxicillin with potassium permanganate as oxidant agent (in the second method) in basic medium. The working conditions of the methods were investigated and optimized. Beer's law plot showed a good correlation in the concentration range of 5-45 μg/ml. The detection limits and relative standared deviations were (2.573, 2.814 μg/ml) (2.137, 2.498) for the flame emission photometric method and (1.844, 2.016 μg/ml) (1.645,1.932) for colorimetric methods for capsules and suspensions respectively. The methods were successfully applied to the determination of Amoxicillin in capsules and suspensions, and the obtained results were in good agreement with the label claim. No interference was observed from the commonly encountered additives and expectancies.

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Methods for the Determination of the Purity of Exosomes

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666191206162712 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (42) ◽

pp. 4464-4485 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Katarzyna Kluszczyńska ◽

Liliana Czernek ◽

Wojciech Cypryk ◽

Łukasz Pęczek ◽

Markus Düchler

Keyword(s):

Drug Transport ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Biological Functions ◽

Isolation And Purification ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Targeted Release

Background: Exosomes open exciting new opportunities for advanced drug transport and targeted release. Furthermore, exosomes may be used for vaccination, immunosuppression or wound healing. To fully utilize their potential as drug carriers or immune-modulatory agents, the optimal purity of exosome preparations is of crucial importance. Methods: Articles describing the isolation and purification of exosomes were retrieved from the PubMed database. Results: Exosomes are often separated from biological fluids containing high concentrations of proteins, lipids and other molecules that keep vesicle purification challenging. A great number of purification protocols have been published, however, their outcome is difficult to compare because the assessment of purity has not been standardized. In this review, we first give an overview of the generation and composition of exosomes, as well as their multifaceted biological functions that stimulated various medical applications. Finally, we describe various methods that have been used to purify small vesicles and to assess the purity of exosome preparations and critically compare the quality of these evaluation protocols. Conclusion: Combinations of various techniques have to be applied to reach the required purity and quality control of exosome preparations.

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Microextraction and Chromatographic Analysis of Budesonide Epimers in Exhaled Breath Condensate

Current Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573411015666191203104522 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 1032-1040

Author(s):

Laleh Samini ◽

Maryam Khoubnasabjafari ◽

Mohamad M. Alimorad ◽

Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki ◽

Hak-Kim Chan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Fluids ◽

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Low Cost ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Extraction Solvent ◽

Drug Concentrations ◽

Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽

Breath Condensate

Background: Analysis of drug concentrations in biological fluids is required in clinical sciences for various purposes. Among other biological samples, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a potential sample for follow up of drug concentrations. Methods: A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) procedure followed by a validated liquid chromatography method was employed for the determination of budesonide (BDS) in EBC samples collected using a homemade setup. EBC is a non-invasive biological sample with possible applications for monitoring drug concentrations. The proposed analytical method is validated according to the FDA guidelines using EBC-spiked samples. Its applicability is tested on EBC samples collected from healthy volunteers receiving a single puff of BDS. Results: The best DLLME conditions involved the use of methanol (1 mL) as a disperser solvent, chloroform (200 μL) as an extraction solvent, and centrifugation rate of 3500 rpm for 5 minutes. The method was validated over a concentration range of 21-210 μg·L-1 in EBC. Inter- and intra-day precisions were less than 10% where the acceptable levels are less than 20%. The validated method was successfully applied for the determination of BDS in EBC samples. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the developed method can be used for the extraction and quantification of BDS in EBC samples using a low cost method.

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A Review of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Tibolone: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Formulations Analysis and Application in Doping Control

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽

10.2174/1573412916666191025143214 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 31-39

Author(s):

Marilene Lopes Ângelo ◽

Fernanda de Lima Moreira ◽

Ana Laura Araújo Santos ◽

Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado ◽

Magali Benjamim de Araújo

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Analytical Methods ◽

Estrogenic Activity ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Doping Control ◽

Specific Effects ◽

In Doping

Background:: Tibolone is a synthetic steroid commercialized by Organon under the brand name Livial (Org OD14), which is used in hormone therapy for menopause management and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Tibolone is defined as a selective tissue estrogenic activity regulator (STEAR) demonstrating tissue-specific effects on several organs such as brain, breast, urogenital tract, endometrium, bone and cardiovascular system. Aims:: This work aims to (1) present an overview of important published literature on existing methods for the analysis of tibolone and/or its metabolites in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids and (2) to conduct a critical comparison of the analytical methods used in doping control, pharmacokinetics and pharmaceutical formulations analysis of tibolone and its metabolites. Results and conclusions: : The major analytical method described for the analysis of tibolone in pharmaceutical formulations is High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with ultraviolet (UV) detection, while Liquid Chromatography (LC) or Gas Chromatography (GC) used in combination with Mass Spectrometry (MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is employed for the analysis of tibolone and/or its metabolites in biological fluids.

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