scholarly journals Steady-state pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of immediate-release and extended-release formulations of lamotrigine in elderly epilepsy patients: Use of stable isotope methodology

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1101-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshanth R. Polepally ◽  
Rory P. Remmel ◽  
Richard C. Brundage ◽  
Ilo E. Leppik ◽  
John O. Rarick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Extended Release Formulations

Steady-state pharmacokinetic profile of OROS hydromorphone extended release and hydromorphone immediate release

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. S44
Author(s):  
K. Moore ◽  
D. St. Fleur ◽  
N. Marricco ◽  
T. Ariyawansa ◽  
V. Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile

scholarly journals A Clinician's Guide to Oral Extended-Release Drug Delivery Systems in Epilepsy

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Wheless ◽  
Stephanie J. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Serum Drug Concentration ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Dosing Regimens ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Extended Release Formulations

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurologic disorders that affects individuals of all ages. It is primarily managed with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), with the goal of maintaining complete seizure control combined with minimal or no adverse effects. Oral administration is the mainstay of AED delivery for patients with chronic epilepsy and consists essentially of immediate-release (IR) and modified-release (delayed-release and extended-release [ER]) dosage formulations. Extended-release formulations (hydrophilic or hydrophobic matrix systems, reservoir systems, and osmotic-release systems) release a drug in a controlled manner during an extended period of time following administration. Extended-release formulations have many advantages compared with IR formulations, including simplification of dosing regimens, reduction in pill burden, and reduction in the peak-to-trough fluctuations in serum drug concentration that may be associated with a decreased risk of adverse effects and of seizures. These advantages have the potential to increase adherence to antiepileptic therapy, improve the quality of life of patients, and reduce health care costs. This article, which is intended as a practical guide for clinicians, reviews the properties of the different ER AED formulations currently available and discusses the advantages of ER over IR formulations. Subsequently, an explanation of the technologic basis of the different oral ER formulations, the critical attributes that differentiate ER products, and their individual strengths and weaknesses is provided. Specific recommendations to practitioners on treating patients with ER formulations are included.

Switching between Immediate- and Extended-Release Formulations Does Not Affect the Steady-State Pharmacokinetic Profile of Topiramate (P06.112)

Neurology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (Meeting Abstracts 1) ◽  
pp. P06.112-P06.112
Author(s):  
L. Lambrecht ◽  
T. Braun ◽  
W. Todd ◽  
M. Halvorsen
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Extended Release Formulations

Immediate-release and extended-release formulations of second-generation antidepressants for the treatment of major depressive disorder in adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1289-1289
Author(s):  
M. Van Noord ◽  
G. Gartlehner ◽  
R. Hansen ◽  
L. Morgan ◽  
K. Thaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Extended Release Formulations

IntroductionExtended-release formulations of antidepressants have been marketed as a strategy to increase patient adherence. Changes in the formulation of drugs, however, could be related to changes in efficacy and tolerability. Among second-generation antidepressants, bupropion, fluoxetine, mirtazapine, paroxetine, and venlafaxine are available in immediate- and extended-release formulations.ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy, tolerability, and adherence of immediate- versus extended-release formulations of second-generation antidepressants for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults.AimTo provide an evidence base for clinicians when choosing immediate- or extended-release formulations of antidepressants for the treatment of MDD.MethodsWe conducted a comparative effectiveness review for the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality searching PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, and the International Pharmaceutical Abstracts up to May 2010. Two people independently reviewed the literature, abstracted data, and rated the risk of bias.ResultsSix RCTs and one observational study provided evidence about the comparative efficacy, tolerability, and adherence of bupropion SR (sustained release) versus bupropion XL (extended release), fluoxetine daily vs. fluoxetine weekly, paroxetine IR (immediate release) versus paroxetine CR (continuous release), and venlafaxine IR versus venlafaxine XR (extended release). Overall, no substantial differences in efficacy and safety could be detected. Open-label and observational evidence indicated better adherence for bupropion XL and fluoxetine weekly than for immediate-release medications. No differences in adherence could be detected between paroxetine IR and paroxetine CR.ConclusionsOur findings indicate similar efficacy and tolerability between immediate- and extended-release formulations. Whether extended-release formulations lead to better adherence remains unclear.

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