Effects of advance notice on transition‐related pausing in pigeons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forrest Toegel ◽  
Michael Perone
Keyword(s):  
Advance Notice

scholarly journals Hard Times: Routine Schedule Unpredictability and Material Hardship among Service Sector Workers

Social Forces ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Schneider ◽  
Kristen Harknett
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Food Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Work Schedules ◽  
Material Hardship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hard Times ◽  
Advance Notice ◽  
Food Service Workers

Abstract American policymakers have long focused on work as a key means to improve economic wellbeing. Yet, work has become increasingly precarious and polarized. This precarity is manifest in low wages but also in unstable and unpredictable work schedules that often vary significantly week to week with little advance notice. We draw on new survey data from The Shift Project on 37,263 hourly retail and food service workers in the United States. We assess the association between routine unpredictability in work schedules and household material hardship. Using both cross-sectional models and panel models, we find that workers who receive shorter advanced notice, those who work on-call, those who experience last minute shift cancellation and timing changes, and those with more volatile work hours are more likely to experience hunger, residential, medical, and utility hardships as well as more overall hardship. Just-in-time work schedules afford employers a great deal of flexibility but at a heavy cost to workers’ economic security.

scholarly journals Contracting on Time

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1369-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Guriev ◽  
Dmitriy Kvasov
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Contract Theory ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Incomplete Contract ◽  
Optimal Contracts ◽  
Contract Duration ◽  
Unilateral Termination ◽  
Advance Notice ◽  
The Relationship

The paper shows how time considerations, especially those concerning contract duration, affect incomplete contract theory. Time is not only a dimension along which the relationship unfolds, but also a continuous verifiable variable that can be included in contracts. We consider a bilateral trade setting where contracting, investment, trade, and renegotiation take place in continuous time. We show that efficient investment can be induced either through a sequence of constantly renegotiated fixed-term contracts; or through a renegotiation-proof “evergreen” contract—a perpetual contract that allows unilateral termination with advance notice. We provide a detailed analysis of properties of optimal contracts.

Plant Closings and Advance-Notice Laws: Putting the Pieces Together

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Portz
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Displaced Workers ◽  
Plant Closings ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Mass Layoffs ◽  
Advance Notice ◽  
Primary Means

In 1988, the federal government passed the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act. Previous to this action, several states approved their own laws requiring advance notice of plant closings and mass layoffs. Implementation and enforcement of advance-notice laws have been weak and limited, due primarily to a policy design that includes numerous criteria for legal exclusion, as well as reliance on adjudication as the primary means of such implementation and enforcement. Advance-notice laws have had limited impact in averting plant closings and mass layoffs, but appear more successful in assisting displaced workers find new employment. For employers, advance notice entails some costs, although they do not appear excessive; less is known about costs in the larger economy.

Survive, Revive, Thrive: Chapter 10—Anchors Aweigh

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (07) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Tom Blasingame
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Professional Society ◽  
Global Society ◽  
Societal Benefit ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
The World ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Advance Notice ◽  
Control And Eradication

It Is Time To Leave Port Education is not a way to escape poverty; it is a way of fighting it.—Julius Nyerere, Tanzanian president, 1922–1999 As the COVID-19 pandemic subsides in most parts of the world, and as a global society we commit ourselves to its control and eradication everywhere, it is time for our “ship” to leave port. As we pull up our anchor (“anchors aweigh” means the anchor is off bottom and the ship is free to move), we must accept that there are risks out there, but we must get back to the task of exploration and production of oil and gas as never before. As I predicted in this column many months ago, we are definitely leaner (fewer people, with even more work to do) and now we need to be much meaner (better skilled, better motivated, and better focused). All the old adages apply: “life isn’t fair,” “there are no guarantees,” etc.—but a commitment to “duty, honor, and service” (an unofficial motto of my employer, Texas A&M University) stands firm in my mind for our industry. As we leave port, we must have the confidence and purpose that has defined our industry since its inception—improving lives, mitigating poverty, and providing the energy to enable a modern global society. Reasons We Must Change as an Industry Life’s a bit like mountaineering—never look down.— Edmund Hillary, New Zealand explorer, 1919–2008 I was in a panel session a few weeks back and, as SPE President, I am certain they saved the toughest question for me: “What are the reasons we must change as an industry?” I confess that this question was particularly hard because it requires a sketch of our future strategies as an industry and as a professional society, which in many ways remains undefined. Fortunately, I had some advance notice and was able to put some thought into my answer. Paraphrasing Darwin, “we must adapt or die.” It is that simple. Our industry provides enormous societal benefit, and just as the future of renewables lies in metals for batteries, conducting materials, circuitry, etc., the present and future of manufacturing lies in oil and gas. There simply are no viable substitutes.

Exception to advance notice and comment under the Administrative Procedures Act

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-546
Author(s):  
Eui-Seok Chung ◽  
Yoon-Young Chang
Keyword(s):  
Advance Notice ◽  
Administrative Procedures
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