Incremental detection of HIV infections by the HIV antigen/antibody combination assays: An Australian experience

Abstract Universal HIV and HCV screening in emergency departments (ED) can reach populations who are less likely to get tested otherwise. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate universal opt-out HIV and HCV screening in two EDs in San Diego. HIV screening for persons aged 13–64 years (excluding persons known to be HIV+ or reporting HIV testing within last 12 months) was implemented using a 4th generation HIV antigen/antibody assay; HCV screening was offered to persons born between 1945 and 1965. Over a period of 16 months, 12,575 individuals were tested for HIV, resulting in 33 (0.26%) new HIV diagnoses, of whom 30 (90%) were successfully linked to care. Universal screening also identified 74 out-of-care for >12-months HIV+ individuals of whom 50 (68%) were successfully relinked to care. Over a one-month period, HCV antibody tests were conducted in 905 individuals with a seropositivity rate of 9.9% (90/905); 61 seropositives who were newly identified or never treated for HCV had HCV RNA testing, of which 31 (51%) resulted positive (3.4% of all participants, including 18 newly identified RNA positives representing 2% of all participants), and 13/31 individuals (42%) were linked to care. The rate of newly diagnosed HCV infections exceeded the rate of newly diagnosed HIV infections by >7-fold, underlining the importance of HCV screening in EDs.

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Performances of fourth generation HIV antigen/antibody assays on filter paper for detection of early HIV infections

Journal of Clinical Virology ◽

10.1016/j.jcv.2014.11.005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 92-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Dramane Kania ◽

Tam Nguyen Truong ◽

Ana Montoya ◽

Nicolas Nagot ◽

Philippe Van de Perre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Filter Paper ◽

Hiv Infections ◽

Fourth Generation ◽

Antibody Assays ◽

Hiv Antigen ◽

Antigen Antibody

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In vivo administration of anti-HIV hyper-immune eggs induces anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies against HIV gp120 peptides (fragments 308-331 and 421-438) and against HIV gp41 peptide (fragment 579-601) which have demonstrable protective capacity

10.1101/2021.05.02.442298 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Angel Justiz-Vaillant ◽

Belkis Ferrer-Cosme ◽

Monica Fisher Smikle ◽

Oliver Pérez

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Hiv Infections ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Future Research ◽

Protective Capacity ◽

Antigen Binding Site ◽

Hiv Antigen ◽

Gp41 Peptide

AbstractIsolation of antibodies from the egg yolk of chickens is of particular interest as a source of specific antibodies for oral administration to prevent infections and use them as immunodiagnostic reagents. The use of birds in antibody production results in a reduction in the use of laboratory animals. Immunized chickens produce larger quantities of antibodies (2000 mg IgY/month) than rodents (200 mg IgG/month) in the laboratory. According to Jerne’s network theory, it is possible to produce an antibody against the antigen-binding site of another antibody. This study assessed the hypothesis that immunization with viral peptides (immunogens) could provide a potent immune response that could be evaluated in chicken eggs. Human immunodeficiency virus 1(HIV-1) is used as an immunogen. The second hypothesis was that an orally administered antibody stimulates the production of a complementary antibody, the so-called anti-idiotypic antibody, which can potentially be therapeutical. This study reports and analyzes the use of eggs as therapeutic agents. We wanted to test the hypothesis that feeding chicks with hyperimmune eggs stimulates the production of anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies that neutralize the original HIV antigen fragments 308-331 or 421-438 of gp120 or fragment 579-601 of gp41. Future research could entail an anti-idiotype strategy for prophylactic vaccines. It is vital to note that it may need an anti-idiotype response to prime immunity against an HIV viral epitope, which may be used as a secondary element. The use of anti-idiotype immune responses in infected individuals may shift the balance of the immune system, allowing the organism to manage HIV infection. Therefore, it may be an avenue for immunotherapy to improve the fight against HIV infections. However, more studies and clinical trials are required to demonstrate similar human immune responses as observed in birds.

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Evaluation of the Siemens HIV Antigen-Antibody Immunoassay

Intervirology ◽

10.1159/000358879 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 106-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Luca Vallefuoco ◽

Fatima Aden Abdi ◽

Rosanna Sorrentino ◽

Daniela Spalletti-Cernia ◽

Claudia Mazzarella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Antigen ◽

Antigen Antibody

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Data on the relationship of signal-to-cutoff ratio of two HIV antigen/antibody combination assays to subsequent confirmation of HIV-1 infection in a low-prevalence population

Data in Brief ◽

10.1016/j.dib.2020.105707 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 105707

Author(s):

Christina K. Hodgson ◽

Matthew D. Krasowski ◽

Bradley A. Ford

Keyword(s):

Hiv Antigen ◽

Low Prevalence ◽

Antigen Antibody ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Hiv 1

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Universal blood-borne virus screening in patients with severe mental illness managed in an outpatient clozapine clinic: uptake and prevalence

Australasian Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/1039856220901464 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 186-189

Author(s):

Jacob Williams ◽

Marilyn Barclay ◽

Chester Omana ◽

Sara Buten ◽

Jeffrey J Post

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Severe Mental Illness ◽

Outpatient Setting ◽

Virus Surface ◽

B Virus ◽

Hiv Antigen ◽

Hcv Antibody ◽

Antigen Antibody ◽

Positive Results ◽

Virus Screening

Objective: Patients with a severe mental illness have higher rates of infection with blood-borne viruses (BBVs) but are less likely to access testing and treatment. Enhanced testing of this population is therefore warranted. Methods: In this single centre, prospective study, we sought to offer testing for BBVs to all patients who attended an appointment in the clozapine clinic (CC) over a six-month period. Those who consented were tested for HIV antigen/antibody, hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody and hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). Results: During the study period, 192 patients attended an appointment, of which 164 were offered testing. Of those, 134 (81.7%) accepted and 30 declined. Among patients who agreed to be tested, results were returned for 96 (71.6%). There were no positive results for HBsAg or HIV. Seven patients (7.2%) were positive for HCV antibody. Of those, three were newly identified exposures of which two were found to be chronically infected and were referred for treatment. Conclusion: A routine offer of BBV testing for people with severe mental illness in the outpatient setting is feasible and may detect treatable infections.

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