Is cultured tendon fibroblast a good model to study tendon healing?

SummaryEquine tendon fibroblasts were isolated from explants of superficial digital flexor tendon, subcultured and maintained in monolayers. The cells were characterized by light microscopy, electron microscopy and radiolabel studies for proteoglycan production. Two predominant cell morphologies were identified. The cells dedifferentiated toward a more spindle shape with repeated subcultures. Equine tendon fibroblasts were successfully cryopreserved and subsequently subcultured. The ability to produce proteoglycan was preserved.The isolated cells were identified as fibroblasts, based on their characteristic shape by light microscopy and ultrastructure and the active production of extracellular matrix proteins. Abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and the production of extracellular matrix products demonstrated active protein production and export. Proteoglycans were measurable via liquid scintillation counting in both the cell-associated fraction and free in the supernatant. This model is currently being utilized to study the effects of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan on tendon healing. Future uses include studying the effects of other pharmaceuticals, such as hyaluronic acid, on tendon healing.A model was developed for in vitro investigations into tendon healing. Fibroblasts were isolated from equine superficial digital flexor tendons and maintained in monolayer culture. The tenocytes were characterized via light and electron microscopy. Proteoglycan production was measured, using radio-label techniques. The fibroblasts were cryopreserved and subsequently subcultured. The cells maintained their capacity for proteoglycan production, following repeated subculturing and cryopreservation.

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Temporary Vertical Extra-Articular Fixation Application of Tendon Healing in Ankle: A Technical Note

The International Annals of Medicine ◽

10.24087/iam.2018.2.12.677 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Mehmet Orçun Akkurt ◽

Yüksel Uğur Yaradılmış ◽

İsmail Demirkale

Keyword(s):

Tendon Healing ◽

Technical Note

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An in vitro model of fibroblast activity and adhesion formation during flexor tendon healing

The Journal Of Hand Surgery ◽

10.1016/0363-5023(94)90181-3 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 769-776 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

David L. Packer ◽

George W. Dombi ◽

Ping Yang Yu ◽

Paul Zidel ◽

Walter G. Sullivan

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Model ◽

Flexor Tendon ◽

Adhesion Formation ◽

Tendon Healing ◽

Vitro Model

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Molecular Mechanisms of Fetal Tendon Regeneration Versus Adult Fibrous Repair

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22115619 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 5619

Author(s):

Iris Ribitsch ◽

Andrea Bileck ◽

Alexander D. Aldoshin ◽

Maciej M. Kańduła ◽

Rupert L. Mayer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Tendon Healing ◽

Tendon Injury ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Large Animal ◽

Post Injury ◽

Tendon Regeneration ◽

Large Animal Models

Tendinopathies are painful, disabling conditions that afflict 25% of the adult human population. Filling an unmet need for realistic large-animal models, we here present an ovine model of tendon injury for the comparative study of adult scarring repair and fetal regeneration. Complete regeneration of the fetal tendon within 28 days is demonstrated, while adult tendon defects remained macroscopically and histologically evident five months post-injury. In addition to a comprehensive histological assessment, proteome analyses of secretomes were performed. Confirming histological data, a specific and pronounced inflammation accompanied by activation of neutrophils in adult tendon defects was observed, corroborated by the significant up-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors, neutrophil attracting chemokines, the release of potentially tissue-damaging antimicrobial and extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, and a response to oxidative stress. In contrast, secreted proteins of injured fetal tendons included proteins initiating the resolution of inflammation or promoting functional extracellular matrix production. These results demonstrate the power and relevance of our novel ovine fetal tendon regeneration model, which thus promises to accelerate research in the field. First insights from the model already support our molecular understanding of successful fetal tendon healing processes and may guide improved therapeutic strategies.

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A Novel Retensioning Technique for Arthroscopic Repair of PASTA Lesions: A Clinical and Radiologic Outcome Study of 24 Shoulders

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967120986884 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 232596712098688

Author(s):

Su Cheol Kim ◽

Jong Ho Jung ◽

Sang Min Lee ◽

Jae Chul Yoo

Keyword(s):

Constant Score ◽

Case Series ◽

Tendon Healing ◽

Shoulder Abduction ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Simple Shoulder Test ◽

Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽

Functional Scores ◽

The Mean

Background: There is no consensus on the ideal treatment for partial articular supraspinatus tendon avulsion (PASTA) lesions without tendon damage. Purpose: To introduce a novel “retensioning technique” for arthroscopic PASTA repair and to assess the clinical and radiologic outcomes of this technique. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 24 patients whose PASTA lesion was treated using the retensioning technique between January 2011 and December 2015. The mean ± SD patient age was 57.6 ± 7.0 years (range, 43-71 years), and the mean follow-up period was 57.6 ± 23.4 months (range, 24.0-93.7 months). Sutures were placed at the edge of the PASTA lesion, tensioned, and fixed to lateral-row anchors. After surgery, shoulder range of motion (ROM) and functional scores (visual analog scale [VAS] for pain, VAS for function, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] score, Constant score, Simple Shoulder Test, and Korean Shoulder Score) were evaluated at regular outpatient visits; at 6 months postoperatively, repair integrity was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: At 12 months postoperatively, all ROM variables were improved compared with preoperative values, and shoulder abduction was improved significantly (136.00° vs 107.08°; P = .009). At final follow-up (>24 months), the VAS pain, VAS function, and ASES scores improved, from 6.39, 4.26, and 40.09 to 1.00, 8.26, and 85.96, respectively (all P < .001). At 6 months postoperatively, 21 of the 24 patients (87.5%) underwent follow-up MRI; the postoperative repair integrity was Sugaya type 1 or 2 for all of these patients, and 13 patients showed complete improvement of the lesion compared with preoperatively. Conclusion: The retensioning technique showed improved ROM and pain and functional scores as well as good tendon healing on MRI scans at 6-month follow-up in the majority of patients. Thus, the retensioning technique appears to be reliable procedure for the PASTA lesion.

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A technique for repairing rotator cuff transtendinous tears with a remnant attached to the footprint

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research ◽

10.1186/s13018-021-02449-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hyung-Suk Choi ◽

Byung-Ill Lee ◽

Jae-Hyung Kim ◽

Hyung-Ki Cho ◽

Gi-Won Seo

Keyword(s):

Rotator Cuff ◽

Surgical Technique ◽

Subchondral Bone ◽

Suture Anchor ◽

Surgical Repair ◽

Tendon Healing ◽

Repair Technique

Abstract Background Some unusual rotator cuff (RC) tears are located in more proximal tendinous portions, with substantial remnant tissue attached to the footprint. The two options for surgical repair are sacrificing or preserving the remnant tissue. We introduce a surgical repair technique that preserves as much of the remnant footprint as possible. Surgical technique A double-loaded suture anchor is inserted into the subchondral bone at the medial portion of the RC footprint; the lateral remnant tissue is preserved. Each strand is shuttled and repassed through the medial portion of the tendon in a mattress fashion using a suture hook device. Then, multiple no. 1 PDS sutures are passed through the medial and lateral stumps and left untied. Strands from the suture anchor are first tied in a double mattress fashion. Then, the repair is completed by tying the remaining no. 1 PDS sutures. Conclusions We propose a remnant-preserving RC repair technique for transtendinous RC tears with sufficient tissue remaining within the RC footprint. This technique appears advantageous in terms of re-establishing an environment that promotes tendon healing after repair.

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Serial Ultrasonographic and Real-Time Elastosonographic Assessment of the Ovine Common Calcaneal Tendon, after an Experimentally Induced Tendinopathy

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci8040054 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Daniele Serrani ◽

Antonella Volta ◽

Franco Cingolani ◽

Luca Pennasilico ◽

Caterina Di Bella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Healing Process ◽

Tendon Healing ◽

Tissue Elasticity ◽

Calcaneal Tendon ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Type Ia ◽

Single Operator ◽

Experimentally Induced

Real-time elastosonography (RTE) is a recently described, non-invasive, ultrasonographic technique developed to assess tissue elasticity. The main aim of this study was to investigate the ultrasonographic and elastosonographic appearance of the common calcaneal tendon (CCT) in an ovine model, and to monitor the progression of tendon healing after an experimentally-induced tendinopathy. Sound tendons were initially evaluated (T0) with a caliper and by a single operator with ultrasound. Ultrasonographic and elastosonographic images were then acquired. Subsequently, ultrasound-guided tendon lesions were induced by injecting 500 IU of Type IA collagenases proximally to the calcaneal tuberosity. Caliper measurement, ultrasonography and elastosonography were then repeated at 15 (T1), 30 (T2) and 60 (T3) days. Clinically measured width of the tendon, ultrasonographic thickness and width and percentage of hard (Elx-t%hrd) and soft (Elx-t%sft) tissue were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed on the data collected; statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) revealed good (0.68) repeatability of elastosonographic evaluation of the CCT. The tendon width was significantly increased when comparing T0 with T1–2 and decreased when comparing T1–2 with T3. Ultrasound-assessed thickness was significantly increased between T0–T1 and decreased between T1-T2–3. Elx-t%hrd was significantly decreased at T1–2–3 and Elx-t%sft was significantly increased at T1–2–3. In conclusion, the ovine CCT is a highly stiff structure that undergoes a severe loss of stiffness during the healing process. Thickness and width of the tendon increased during the first 30 days and then reduced progressively along the subsequent 30 days. Ultrasonographic appearance of the tendon remained severely abnormal and the tendon showed severely reduced elastic proprieties 60 days after lesion induction.

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