Climate change during the past 1000 years: a high-temporal-resolution multiproxy record from a mire in northern Finland

The past two thousand years is a key interval for climate science because this period encompasses both the era of human-induced global warming and a much longer interval when changes in Earth's climate were governed principally by natural drivers. This earlier 'pre-industrial' period is particularly important for two reasons. Firstly, we now have a growing number of well-dated, climate sensitive proxy data with high temporal resolution that spans the full period. Secondly, the pre-industrial climate provides context for present-day climate change, sets real-world targets against which to evaluate the performance of climate models, and allows us to address other questions of Earth sciences that cannot be answered using only a century and a half of observational data.&#160;Here, we first provide several perspectives on the concept of a 'pre-industrial climate'. Then, we highlight the activities of the PAGES 2k Network, an international collaborative effort focused on global climate change during the past two thousand years. We highlight those aspects of pre-industrial conditions (including both past climate changes and past climate drivers) that are not yet well constrained, and suggest potential areas for research during this period that would be relevant to the evolution of Earth's future climate.

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A Strategy for Scaling ERA5 Sea Winds Using Climate Model Data

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-20763 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Silvio Davison ◽

Francesco Barbariol ◽

Alvise Benetazzo ◽

Luigi Cavaleri ◽

Paola Mercogliano

Keyword(s):

Temporal Resolution ◽

Climate Model ◽

Grid Point ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

Widespread Application ◽

Northern Adriatic ◽

Wind Speeds ◽

The Past ◽

Statistical Strategy ◽

Resolution Data

Over the past decade, reanalysis data products have found widespread application in many areas of research and have often been used for the assessment of the past and present climate.&#160;They produce reliable atmospheric fields at high temporal resolution, albeit at low-to-mid spatial resolution. On the other hand, climatological analyses, quite often down-scaled to represent conditions also in enclosed basins, lack the historical sequence of stormy events and are often provided at poor temporal resolution.In this context, we investigated the possibility of using the ERA5 reanalysis 10-m wind (25-km and 1-hour resolution data) to assess the Mediterranean Sea wind climate (past and scenario). We propose a statistical strategy&#160;to relate ERA5 wind speeds over the sea to the past and future wind speeds produced by the COSMO-CLM (8-km and 6-hour resolution data) climatological&#160;model. In particular, the&#160;probability density function&#160;of the&#160;ERA5&#160;wind&#160;speed&#160;at each grid point is adjusted to match that of COSMO-CLM.&#160;In this way, past ERA5 winds are corrected to account for the COSMO-CLM energy, while ERA5 scaled wind sequence can be projected in the future with COSMO-CLM scenario energy. Comparison with past observations confirms the validity of the adopted method.In the Venezia2021 project, we have applied this strategy for the assessment of the changing wind and, after WAVEWATCH III model runs, also the wave climate in the Northern Adriatic Sea, especially in front of Venice and the MOSE barriers, under two IPCC (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) scenarios.In general, this strategy may be applied to produce a scaled wind dataset in enclosed basins and improve past wave modeling applications based on any reanalysis wind data.

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Rainfall intensity bursts and the erosion of soils: an analysis highlighting the need for high temporal resolution rainfall data for research under current and future climates

10.5194/esurf-2018-94 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

David L. Dunkerley

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Temporal Resolution ◽

Rainfall Intensity ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Tropical Climate ◽

Rainfall Data ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

Hourly Data ◽

Rainfall Extremes ◽

Period Data

Abstract. Many landsurface processes, including splash dislodgment and downslope transport of soil materials, are influenced strongly by short-lived peaks in rainfall intensity but are less well accounted for by longer-term average rates. Specifically, rainfall intensities reached over periods of 10–30 minutes appear to have more explanatory power than hourly or longer-period data. However, most analyses of rainfall, and particularly scenarios of possible future rainfall extremes under climate change, rely on hourly data. Using two Australian pluviograph records with 1 second resolution, one from an arid and one from a wet tropical climate, the nature of short-lived intensity bursts is analysed from the raw inter-tip times of the tipping bucket gauges. Hourly apparent rainfall intensities average just 1.43 mm h−1 at the wet tropical site, and 2.12 mm h−1 at the arid site. At the wet tropical site, intensity bursts of extreme intensity occur frequently, those exceeding 30 mm h−1 occurring on average at intervals of 60 mm h−1 occurring on average at intervals of

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QUAL-NET, a high temporal-resolution eutrophication model for large hydrographic networks

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-15-2251-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 2251-2269 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Camille Minaudo ◽

Florence Curie ◽

Yann Jullian ◽

Nathalie Gassama ◽

Florentina Moatar

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Temporal Resolution ◽

Regional Scale ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

P Availability ◽

Model Quality ◽

Deterministic Models ◽

Bacterial Dynamics ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

Loire River

Abstract. To allow climate change impact assessment of water quality in river systems, the scientific community lacks efficient deterministic models able to simulate hydrological and biogeochemical processes in drainage networks at the regional scale, with high temporal resolution and water temperature explicitly determined. The model QUALity-NETwork (QUAL-NET) was developed and tested on the Middle Loire River Corridor, a sub-catchment of the Loire River in France, prone to eutrophication. Hourly variations computed efficiently by the model helped disentangle the complex interactions existing between hydrological and biological processes across different timescales. Phosphorus (P) availability was the most constraining factor for phytoplankton development in the Loire River, but simulating bacterial dynamics in QUAL-NET surprisingly evidenced large amounts of organic matter recycled within the water column through the microbial loop, which delivered significant fluxes of available P and enhanced phytoplankton growth. This explained why severe blooms still occur in the Loire River despite large P input reductions since 1990. QUAL-NET could be used to study past evolutions or predict future trajectories under climate change and land use scenarios.

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Study of Jinchuan Mire in NE China II: Peatland development, carbon accumulation and climate change during the past 1000 years

Quaternary International ◽

10.1016/j.quaint.2019.05.007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 528 ◽

pp. 18-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jing-Jing Sun ◽

Hong-Chun Li ◽

Jie Wang ◽

Hong-Yan Zhao ◽

Sheng-Zhong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Accumulation ◽

Ne China ◽

The Past ◽

Peatland Development ◽

Past 1000 Years

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High-temporal resolution landscape changes related to anthropogenic activities over the past millennium in the Vosges Mountains (France)

AMBIO ◽

10.1007/s13280-018-1044-9 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (8) ◽

pp. 893-907 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anne-Lise Mariet ◽

Anne-Véronique Walter-Simonnet ◽

Frédéric Gimbert ◽

Christophe Cloquet ◽

Carole Bégeot

Keyword(s):

Temporal Resolution ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

Landscape Changes ◽

Vosges Mountains ◽

The Past ◽

Past Millennium

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Improving the monitoring of deciduous broadleaf phenology using the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) 16 and 17

10.5194/bg-2020-309 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kathryn I. Wheeler ◽

Michael C. Dietze

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Temporal Resolution ◽

Ecosystem Processes ◽

Western Hemisphere ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

P Values ◽

Modis Ndvi ◽

Remotely Sense ◽

Limited Coverage ◽

Lower Temporal Resolution

Abstract. Monitoring leaf phenology allows for tracking the progression of climate change and seasonal variations in a variety of organismal and ecosystem processes. Networks of finite-scale remote sensing, such as the PhenoCam Network, provide valuable information on phenological state at high temporal resolution, but have limited coverage. To more broadly remotely sense phenology, satellite-based data that has lower temporal resolution has primarily been used (e.g., 16-day MODIS NDVI product). Recent versions of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES-16 and -17) allow the monitoring of NDVI at temporal scales comparable to that of PhenoCam throughout most of the western hemisphere. Here we examine the current capacity of this new data to measure the phenology of deciduous broadleaf forests for the first two full calendar years of data (2018 and 2019) by fitting double-logistic Bayesian models and comparing the start, middle, and end of season transition dates to those obtained from PhenoCam and MODIS 16-day NDVI and EVI products. Compared to the MODIS indices, GOES was more correlated with PhenoCam at the start and middle of spring, but had a larger bias (3.35 &pm; 0.03 days later than PhenoCam) at the end of spring. Satellite-based autumn transition dates were mostly uncorrelated with those of PhenoCam. PhenoCam data produced significantly more certain (all p-values

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Modelling Analysis of Electric Vehicle Penetration Scenario using Dynamic Optimal Power Generation Mix Model with High Temporal Resolution

IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy ◽

10.1541/ieejpes.135.61 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 135 (1) ◽

pp. 61-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ryoichi Komiyama ◽

Yasumasa Fujii

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Electric Vehicle ◽

Temporal Resolution ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

Optimal Power ◽

Modelling Analysis

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Multidetector-row Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease – New Techniques and Insights

European Cardiology Review ◽

10.15420/ecr.2010.6.2.43 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andreas H Mahnken ◽

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Data Acquisition ◽

Temporal Resolution ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

Multidetector Row ◽

Ct Scanners ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Cardiac Mdct

Over the last decade, cardiac computed tomography (CT) technology has experienced revolutionary changes and gained broad clinical acceptance in the work-up of patients suffering from coronary artery disease (CAD). Since cardiac multidetector-row CT (MDCT) was introduced in 1998, acquisition time, number of detector rows and spatial and temporal resolution have improved tremendously. Current developments in cardiac CT are focusing on low-dose cardiac scanning at ultra-high temporal resolution. Technically, there are two major approaches to achieving these goals: rapid data acquisition using dual-source CT scanners with high temporal resolution or volumetric data acquisition with 256/320-slice CT scanners. While each approach has specific advantages and disadvantages, both technologies foster the extension of cardiac MDCT beyond morphological imaging towards the functional assessment of CAD. This article examines current trends in the development of cardiac MDCT.

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