Cattle grazing in CRP grasslands during the nesting season: Effects on avian reproduction

In this study invertebrate infestation in green turtle (Chelonia mydas) nests were recorded for the first time for Kazanlı beach, Mersin, Turkey. For this aim, in 2006 nesting season, 294 natural intact green turtle nests were sampled to examine their contents and invertebrate infestation was found in 76 (25.85% of the total sampling green turtle nests). These infested nests were examined in terms of the invertebrate faunal composition. The specimens found in the green sea turtle nests were identified to order, family or genus levels and they were represented in 5 orders. These invertebrate groups are Elater sp. larvae (Elateridae; Coleoptera), Pimelia sp. larvae (Tenebrionidae; Coleoptera), Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta), Cyrptostigmata (Acari), Oniscidae (Isopoda), Formicidae (Hymenoptera). Elater sp. was the most common invertebrate group in the green turtle nests. According to student t test, we found statistically significant differences between 7 independent variables and invertebrate species presence. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis explained that there is a negative relationship between hatching success rate and invertebrate species presence.

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Cattle grazing and its long-term effects on sedge meadows

Fact Sheet ◽

10.3133/fs20043027 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Beth Middleton

Keyword(s):

Cattle Grazing ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Sedge Meadows

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Factors influencing the occurrence of negative interactions between people and crocodilians in Mexico

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605319000668 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Giovany Arturo González-Desales ◽

Luis Sigler ◽

Jesús García-Grajales ◽

Pierre Charruau ◽

Martha Mariela Zarco-González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Biosphere Reserve ◽

Rigorous Evaluation ◽

Caiman Crocodilus ◽

Crocodylus Acutus ◽

American Crocodile ◽

Nesting Sites ◽

The Relationship ◽

Nesting Season ◽

Negative Interactions

Abstract Negative interactions between people and crocodilians have increased worldwide, but in Mexico there have been few systematic reports and no rigorous evaluation of this problem. We compiled information on negative interactions between people and the spectacled caiman Caiman crocodilus and American crocodile Crocodylus acutus from the Worldwide Crocodilian Attack Database for 1993–2018, and we investigated interactions in greater depth, through interviews with people in La Encrucijada Biosphere Reserve. We examined the relationship between the occurrence of negative interactions between people and C. acutus and the species' nesting season and abundance, and presence records. In Mexico, the frequency of negative interactions increases when anthropogenic activities occur close to nesting sites (< 30 km) and during the nesting season (February–September). In La Encrucijada, following negative interactions with crocodiles, the local inhabitants killed 30 crocodiles measuring > 2.5 m long in 2011–2012. The frequency of negative human–crocodilian interactions was not correlated with the abundance of crocodilians but was correlated with the number of presence records of crocodiles. Strategies to minimize these interactions include warnings at nesting sites, increased monitoring of anthropogenic activities during the nesting season, and management of nests to prevent them being destroyed by people.

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57 Effects of Diploid and Tetraploid Annual Ryegrass Cultivars on Cattle Performance, Herbage Mass, and Nutritive Value

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz397.044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 20-20

Author(s):

Sarah M Montgomery ◽

Brandi Karisch ◽

Jane A Parish ◽

Jesse Morrison ◽

Brian Baldwin

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Cattle Grazing ◽

Annual Ryegrass ◽

Significance Level ◽

Body Weights ◽

Grazing Period ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) can be divided into two cytotypes: diploid (2n = 2x) and tetraploid (2n = 4x). Polyploid versions of a given plant species result in increased seedling vigor, more robust growth and, potentially, greater yield. While most data suggest no difference in yield between diploid and tetraploid cultivars, there is still potential for weight gain advantages thanks to increased non-structural carbohydrates in tetraploid cells. The objectives of this study were to compare weight gain of cattle grazing either diploid or tetraploid cultivars of annual ryegrass. Two diploid annual ryegrass cultivars (Marshall and Tam 90) and two tetraploid cultivars (Jumbo and Nelson) were planted in 0.81-ha pastures, each replicated four times. Four steers (mean initial BW = 214 kg) were randomly assigned to each pasture for an 82-d grazing period. Body weights were recorded starting at d0 then every 28 days throughout the season. Data were analyzed in the GLM procedure of SAS using a significance level of α = 0.05. There were significant differences between cytotypes with respect to seasonal yield with diploids (9547.90 kg/ha) yielding greater than tetraploids (7762.00 kg/ha). As expected, ADF and NDF fractions were significantly less for tetraploids (ADF; 31.39%, NDF; 31.39%) compared to diploids (ADF; 33.75%, NDF; 53.25%). Tetraploids also contained significantly greater crude protein (13.50%) than diploids (12.90%). Cytotype had no effect on final average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.9427). However, final ADG was significantly impacted by cultivar (P = 0.0134). Final ADG for Tam 90 (1.10 kg/d) was greater than Marshall (0.92 kg/d). Cattle grazing Nelson (1.04 kg/d) and Jumbo (0.99 kg/d) did not differ. Results show that regardless of differences in seasonal yield and nutritive value between cytotypes, there were no advantages in ADG for cattle grazing either cytotype.

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Factors affecting presence and relative abundance of the Endangered volcano rabbit Romerolagus diazi, a habitat specialist

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605320000368 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Felipe Osuna ◽

Roger Guevara ◽

Enrique Martínez-Meyer ◽

Raúl Alcalá ◽

Alejandro Espinosa de los Monteros

Keyword(s):

Sierra Nevada ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Linear Models ◽

Cattle Grazing ◽

Patch Occupancy ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Rock Cover ◽

Volcanic Fields ◽

Mountain Grasslands ◽

Insight Into

Abstract Habitat specialists are particularly vulnerable to extinction when habitat conditions are altered. Information on the habitat use of such species is thus important because it provides insight into factors that influence distribution and abundance, which is crucial for conservation. Here, we aimed to identify factors that influence the patterns of presence and abundance of the Endangered volcano rabbit Romerolagus diazi, a rare leporid with a patchy distribution. Through exhaustive sampling of its range in the Sierra Chichinautzin and Sierra Nevada volcanic fields, Mexico, and using generalized linear models, we found that the probability of patch occupancy was higher where bunchgrass cover exceeded 75%, rock cover exceeded 5%, no cattle grazing was observed and human settlements were at least 7 km away. Patches with greater relative abundance were those with similar characteristics, but located at elevations > 3,600 m, and with rock cover < 15%. Cattle grazing was identified as a major threat to local populations of the volcano rabbit, particularly in the Sierra Chichinautzin. Because of the significance of bunchgrasses for this species, the protection of the mountain grasslands is required in both volcanic fields.

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The impact of cattle grazing and treading on soil properties and the transport of phosphorus, sediment and E. coli in surface runoff from grazed pasture

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1080/00288233.2021.1910319 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Colin W. Gray ◽

Chandra P. Ghimire ◽

Richard W. McDowell ◽

Richard W. Muirhead

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Surface Runoff ◽

Cattle Grazing ◽

E Coli ◽

Grazed Pasture ◽

The Impact

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Summer Movements and Impact of Individual Striped Skunks, Mephitis mephitis, on Duck Nests in Saskatchewan

The Canadian Field-Naturalist ◽

10.22621/cfn.v120i3.326 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 120 (3) ◽

pp. 342

Author(s):

Serge Larivière ◽

Lyle R. Walton ◽

François Messier

Keyword(s):

Mephitis Mephitis ◽

Direct Function ◽

Canadian Prairies ◽

Striped Skunk ◽

Intensive Observations ◽

Males And Females ◽

Foraging Movements ◽

The Impact ◽

Striped Skunks ◽

Nesting Season

Striped Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) are important predators of duck eggs in the Canadian prairies. We estimated the impact of individual Striped Skunks on duck nests by intensive observations of foraging movements and depredation of duck nests in southern Saskatchewan, 1993-1994. Nightly, skunk movements were variable (range 0-20 km per night), and did not differ among seasons for females, or between males and females during the parturition/rearing season. Overall, nightly movement of Striped Skunks averaged 7.4 km for females (SD = 5.9 km, n = 20 females) and 6.7 km for males (SD = 3.2 km, n = 5 males). During 1,873 h of radio-tracking, we observed depredation of 10 duck nests by 8 skunks (7 F, 1 M). Using our observed estimate of one depredation for every 187 h, and averaged nightly activity of 8-10 h per night, we estimated that individual skunks find one duck nest every 19-23 nights. Thus, during the 60-day nesting season for ducks (mid-May to mid-July), individual skunks probably find 2-3 duck nests. These observations reinforce the growing evidence that, at normal duck nest densities (<2.5 nests/ha), depredation of eggs by Striped Skunks is opportunistic, and the impact of Striped Skunks on duck nests is a direct function of Striped Skunk abundance.

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