scholarly journals The role of whole‐brain diffusion MRI as a tool for studying human in vivo cortical segregation based on a measure of neurite density

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 2738-2744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Calamante ◽  
Ben Jeurissen ◽  
Robert E. Smith ◽  
Jacques‐Donald Tournier ◽  
Alan Connelly
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Neurite Density

scholarly journals High‐fidelity, accelerated whole‐brain submillimeter in vivo diffusion MRI using gSlider‐spherical ridgelets (gSlider‐SR)

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1781-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ramos‐Llordén ◽  
Lipeng Ning ◽  
Congyu Liao ◽  
Rinat Mukhometzianov ◽  
Oleg Michailovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Whole Brain

scholarly journals Imaging Microglia and Astrocytes non-invasively using Diffusion MRI

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Garcia-Hernandez ◽  
Alejandro Trouve Carpena ◽  
Mark Drakesmith ◽  
Kristen Koller ◽  
Derek K. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Mri ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Diffusion Weighted

AbstractWe present a strategy to image neuroinflammation in grey matter using diffusion-weighted MRI. We demonstrate that the MRI signal carries the fingerprint of microglia and astrocytes activation, and that specific signatures from each glia population can be extracted in vivo. In addition, we prove the translational value of the approach in a cohort of healthy humans. This framework will aid basic and clinical research to clarify the role of inflammation during lifespan.

scholarly journals In vivo human whole-brain Connectom diffusion MRI dataset at 760 µm isotropic resolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuyixue Wang ◽  
Zijing Dong ◽  
Qiyuan Tian ◽  
Congyu Liao ◽  
Qiuyun Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Parallel Imaging ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Isotropic Resolution ◽  
Imaging Reconstruction ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Array Coil

AbstractWe present a whole-brain in vivo diffusion MRI (dMRI) dataset acquired at 760 μm isotropic resolution and sampled at 1260 q-space points across 9 two-hour sessions on a single healthy participant. The creation of this benchmark dataset is possible through the synergistic use of advanced acquisition hardware and software including the high-gradient-strength Connectom scanner, a custom-built 64-channel phased-array coil, a personalized motion-robust head stabilizer, a recently developed SNR-efficient dMRI acquisition method, and parallel imaging reconstruction with advanced ghost reduction algorithm. With its unprecedented resolution, SNR and image quality, we envision that this dataset will have a broad range of investigational, educational, and clinical applications that will advance the understanding of human brain structures and connectivity. This comprehensive dataset can also be used as a test bed for new modeling, sub-sampling strategies, denoising and processing algorithms, potentially providing a common testing platform for further development of in vivo high resolution dMRI techniques. Whole brain anatomical T1-weighted and T2-weighted images at submillimeter scale along with field maps are also made available.

scholarly journals In vivo human whole-brain Connectom diffusion MRI dataset at 760 μm isotropic resolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuyixue Wang ◽  
Zijing Dong ◽  
Qiyuan Tian ◽  
Congyu Liao ◽  
Qiuyun Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Parallel Imaging ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Isotropic Resolution ◽  
Imaging Reconstruction ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Array Coil

AbstractWe present a whole-brain in vivo diffusion MRI (dMRI) dataset acquired at 760 μm isotropic resolution and sampled at 1260 q-space points across 9 two-hour sessions on a single healthy subject. The creation of this benchmark dataset is possible through the synergistic use of advanced acquisition hardware and software including the high-gradient-strength Connectom scanner, a custom-built 64-channel phased-array coil, a personalized motion-robust head stabilizer, a recently developed SNR-efficient dMRI acquisition method, and parallel imaging reconstruction with advanced ghost reduction algorithm. With its unprecedented resolution, SNR and image quality, we envision that this dataset will have a broad range of investigational, educational, and clinical applications that will advance the understanding of human brain structures and connectivity. This comprehensive dataset can also be used as a test bed for new modeling, sub-sampling strategies, denoising and processing algorithms, potentially providing a common testing platform for further development of in vivo high resolution dMRI techniques. Whole brain anatomical T1-weighted and T2-weighted images at submillimeter scale along with field maps are also made available.

scholarly journals Cortical fibers orientation mapping using in-vivo whole brain 7 T diffusion MRI

NeuroImage ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 104-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer F. Gulban ◽  
Federico De Martino ◽  
An T. Vu ◽  
Essa Yacoub ◽  
Kamil Uğurbil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Orientation Mapping ◽  
Fibers Orientation ◽  
Cortical Fibers

Mitochondrial matrix calcium ions regulate energy production in myocardium: A cytochemical study

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
W.A. Jacob ◽  
R. Hertsens ◽  
A. Van Bogaert ◽  
M. De Smet
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Regulation Of Respiration ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Mitochondrial Matrix ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Nmr Techniques

In the past most studies of the control of energy metabolism focus on the role of the phosphorylation potential ATP/ADP.Pi on the regulation of respiration. Studies using NMR techniques have demonstrated that the concentrations of these compounds for oxidation phosphorylation do not change appreciably throughout the cardiac cycle and during increases in cardiac work. Hence regulation of energy production by calcium ions, present in the mitochondrial matrix, has been the object of a number of recent studies.Three exclusively intramitochondnal dehydrogenases are key enzymes for the regulation of oxidative metabolism. They are activated by calcium ions in the low micromolar range. Since, however, earlier estimates of the intramitochondnal calcium, based on equilibrium thermodynamic considerations, were in the millimolar range, a physiological correlation was not evident. The introduction of calcium-sensitive probes fura-2 and indo-1 made monitoring of free calcium during changing energy metabolism possible. These studies were performed on isolated mitochondria and extrapolation to the in vivo situation is more or less speculative.

Meiotic CENP-C is a shepherd: bridging the space between the centromere and the kinetochore in time and space

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-261
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Fellmeth ◽  
Kim S. McKim
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Early Prophase ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Kinetochore Assembly ◽  
M Phase ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Meiosis I

Abstract While many of the proteins involved in the mitotic centromere and kinetochore are conserved in meiosis, they often gain a novel function due to the unique needs of homolog segregation during meiosis I (MI). CENP-C is a critical component of the centromere for kinetochore assembly in mitosis. Recent work, however, has highlighted the unique features of meiotic CENP-C. Centromere establishment and stability require CENP-C loading at the centromere for CENP-A function. Pre-meiotic loading of proteins necessary for homolog recombination as well as cohesion also rely on CENP-C, as do the main scaffolding components of the kinetochore. Much of this work relies on new technologies that enable in vivo analysis of meiosis like never before. Here, we strive to highlight the unique role of this highly conserved centromere protein that loads on to centromeres prior to M-phase onset, but continues to perform critical functions through chromosome segregation. CENP-C is not merely a structural link between the centromere and the kinetochore, but also a functional one joining the processes of early prophase homolog synapsis to late metaphase kinetochore assembly and signaling.

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