Perceptions of Mentoring of Full-Time Occupational Therapy Faculty in the United States

Objectives Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer and questioning (LGBTQ+) people and populations face myriad health disparities that are likely to be evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives of our study were to describe patterns of COVID-19 testing among LGBTQ+ people and to differentiate rates of COVID-19 testing and test results by sociodemographic characteristics. Methods Participants residing in the United States and US territories (N = 1090) aged ≥18 completed an internet-based survey from May through July 2020 that assessed COVID-19 testing and test results and sociodemographic characteristics, including sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI). We analyzed data on receipt and results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2 and symptoms of COVID-19 in relation to sociodemographic characteristics. Results Of the 1090 participants, 182 (16.7%) received a PCR test; of these, 16 (8.8%) had a positive test result. Of the 124 (11.4%) who received an antibody test, 45 (36.3%) had antibodies. Rates of PCR testing were higher among participants who were non–US-born (25.4%) versus US-born (16.3%) and employed full-time or part-time (18.5%) versus unemployed (10.8%). Antibody testing rates were higher among gay cisgender men (17.2%) versus other SOGI groups, non–US-born (25.4%) versus US-born participants, employed (12.6%) versus unemployed participants, and participants residing in the Northeast (20.0%) versus other regions. Among SOGI groups with sufficient cell sizes (n > 10), positive PCR results were highest among cisgender gay men (16.1%). Conclusions The differential patterns of testing and positivity, particularly among gay men in our sample, confirm the need to create COVID-19 public health messaging and programming that attend to the LGBTQ+ population.

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Medication Administration Practices in United States’ Schools: A Systematic Review and Meta-synthesis

The Journal of School Nursing ◽

10.1177/10598405211026300 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105984052110263

Author(s):

Ashley A. Lowe ◽

Joe K. Gerald ◽

Conrad Clemens ◽

Cherie Gaither ◽

Lynn B. Gerald

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Public Schools ◽

Medication Management ◽

The United States ◽

Medication Administration ◽

Full Time ◽

Level Of Training ◽

K 12 ◽

Keyword Searches

Schools often provide medication management to children at school, yet, most U.S. schools lack a full-time, licensed nurse. Schools rely heavily on unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to perform such tasks. This systematic review examined medication management among K-12 school nurses. Keyword searches in three databases were performed. We included studies that examined: (a) K-12 charter, private/parochial, or public schools, (b) UAPs and licensed nurses, (c) policies and practices for medication management, or (d) nurse delegation laws. Three concepts were synthesized: (a) level of training, (b) nurse delegation, and (c) emergency medications. One-hundred twelve articles were screened. Of these, 37.5% (42/112) were comprehensively reviewed. Eighty-one percent discussed level of training, 69% nurse delegation, and 57% emergency medications. Succinct and consistent policies within and across the United States aimed at increasing access to emergency medications in schools remain necessary.

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The Teacher Technology Integration Experience: Practice and Reflection in the Classroom

Journal of Information Technology Education Research ◽

10.28945/2227 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 161-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Dana Ruggiero ◽

Christopher J. Mong

Keyword(s):

Professional Development ◽

United States ◽

Technology Integration ◽

Mixed Methods Research ◽

Online Survey ◽

Teaching Style ◽

The United States ◽

Pedagogical Practices ◽

Full Time ◽

K 12

Previous studies indicated that the technology integration practices of teachers in the classroom often did not match their teaching styles. Researchers concluded that this was due, at least partially, to external barriers that prevented teachers from using technology in ways that matched their practiced teaching style. Many of these barriers, such as professional support and access to hardware and software, have been largely diminished over the last twenty years due to an influx of money and strategies for enhancing technology in primary and secondary schools in the United States. This mixed-methods research study was designed to examine the question, “What technology do teachers use and how do they use that technology to facilitate student learning?” K-12 classroom teachers were purposefully selected based on their full-time employment in a public, private, or religious school in a Midwestern state in the United States, supported by the endorsement of a school official. There were 1048 teachers from over 100 school corporations who completed an online survey consisting of six questions about classroom technology tools and professional development involving technology. Survey results suggest that technology integration is pervasive in the classroom with the most often used technology tool identified as PowerPoint. Moreover, teachers identified that training about technology is most effective when it is contextually based in their own classroom. Follow-up interviews were conducted with ten percent (n=111) of the teachers in order to examine the relationship between teachers’ daily classroom use of technology and their pedagogical practices. Results suggest a close relationship; for example, teachers with student-centric technology activities were supported by student-centric pedagogical practices in other areas. Moreover, teachers with strongly student-centered practices tended to exhibit a more pronounced need to create learning opportunities with technology as a base for enhancing 21st century skills in students. Teachers indicated that external barriers do exist that impact technology integration, such as a lack of in-service training, a lack of available technology, and restricted curriculum, but that overcoming internal barriers, including personal investment in technology, attitude towards technology, and peer support, were a bigger indicator of success. Recommendations are made for restructuring professional development on strategies for contextualizing technology integration in the classroom.

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The History of Occupational Therapy Assistants in Canada: A Comparison with the United States

Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/000841740106800405 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 217-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Penny Salvatori

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Occupational Therapy ◽

Professional Associations ◽

Training Model ◽

The United States ◽

Professional Affiliation ◽

Standards Of Practice ◽

History Of ◽

And Training

In the middle of the twentieth century, the role of occupational therapy assistant was introduced in North America. Although the role, utilization and training of assistant personnel have raised much controversy and debate within the profession, Canada and the United States have taken very different paths in terms of dealing with these issues. This paper focuses on the history of occupational therapy assistants in Canada, using the experience in the United States for comparison purposes. The occupational therapy literature and official documents of the professional associations are used to present a chronology of major historical events in both countries. Similarities and differences emerge in relation to historical roots; training model and standards of education; certification, regulation, and standards of practice; career laddering and career mobility; and professional affiliation. The paper concludes with a summary of issues which require further exploration, debate and resolution if the profession is to move forward in Canada.

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Multicultural Training in the United States: A Survey of Occupational Therapy Programs

Occupational Therapy In Health Care ◽

10.3109/07380577.2011.560240 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (2-3) ◽

pp. 178-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Elena Verdine Donoso Brown ◽

Jaime Phillip Muñoz ◽

Janet M. Powell

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Occupational Therapy ◽

The United States ◽

Multicultural Training

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The Full-Time Workweek in the United States, 1900-1970: Comment

ILR Review ◽

10.2307/2522574 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 379

Author(s):

Ethel B. Jones

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Full Time

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Workforce demographics and unit structure in paediatric cardiac critical care in the United States

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951121004753 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Robin V. Horak ◽

Shasha Bai ◽

Bradley S. Marino ◽

David K. Werho ◽

Leslie A. Rhodes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Critical Care ◽

Heart Surgery ◽

Age Groups ◽

The United States ◽

Work Hours ◽

Full Time ◽

Full Time Equivalent ◽

Unit Structure ◽

Cardiac Critical Care

Abstract Objective: To assess current demographics and duties of physicians as well as the structure of paediatric cardiac critical care in the United States. Design: REDCap surveys were sent by email from May till August 2019 to medical directors (“directors”) of critical care units at the 120 United States centres submitting data to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database and to associated faculty from centres that provided email lists. Faculty and directors were asked about personal attributes and clinical duties. Directors were additionally asked about unit structure. Measurements and main results: Responses were received from 66% (79/120) of directors and 62% (294/477) of contacted faculty. Seventy-six percent of directors and 54% of faculty were male, however, faculty <40 years old were predominantly women. The majority of both groups were white. Median bed count (n = 20) was similar in ICUs and multi-disciplinary paediatric ICUs. The median service expectation for one clinical full-time equivalent was 14 weeks of clinical service (interquartile range 12, 16), with the majority of programmes (86%) providing in-house attending night coverage. Work hours were high during service and non-service weeks with both directors (37%) and faculty (45%). Conclusions: Racial and ethnic diversity is markedly deficient in the paediatric cardiac critical care workforce. Although the majority of faculty are male, females make up the majority of the workforce younger than 40 years old. Work hours across all age groups and unit types are high both on- and off-service, with most units providing attending in-house night coverage.

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Abstract 180: What is the Potential Capacity for Increasing Cardiac Rehabilitation Utilization in the United States?

Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes ◽

10.1161/circoutcomes.6.suppl_1.a180 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Quinn R Pack ◽

Ray W Squires ◽

Steven W Lichtman ◽

Francisco Lopez-Jimenez ◽

Juan Pablo Rodriguez-Escudero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽

Program Directors ◽

The United States ◽

Service Needs ◽

Full Time ◽

Potential Growth ◽

Related Factors ◽

Potential Capacity ◽

Program Capacity

Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an effective but highly underutilized therapy for heart disease. Efforts are underway to increase CR referral and enrollment, but little is known about the potential capacity for growth in CR utilization in the United States. To address this concern, we estimated the current national capacity of CR programs across the United States and assessed obstacles to potential growth. Methods: We surveyed all CR Program Directors listed in the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR) database in November of 2012. Respondents reported current enrollment levels, current program capacity, program capacity given reasonable expansion, and obstacles to growth. Results: Of 812 Program Directors in the AACVPR database, 290 (36%) completed the full survey. Respondents represented somewhat larger programs compared to non-respondents (4.0 vs. 4.6 full time employees, p = 0.01), but were otherwise similar. Current enrollment levels demonstrated a median [IQ range] of 140 [75,232] patients per year and a current estimated capacity of 192 [100,300] patient per year. Respondents estimated that programs could expand services by 25% to 240 [141,380] patients annually, assuming a significant increase in patient demand and a feasible increase in resources. We estimate that if programs filled to their current capacity, national CR utilization rates would increase from 34.7% to 46.4% (95% CI, 43.9 to 48.9) of eligible US patients each year. Given feasible program expansion, utilization could increase to a maximum of 58.4% (95% CI, 55.2 to 61.6) of qualifying patients. Capacity projections based upon absolute patient numbers and national statistics revealed concordant results. The most commonly cited obstacles to increasing patient participation are shown in the figure. As seen, the majority (88%) are controllable system-related factors unrelated to patient behavior. Conclusions: Even with substantial expansion of all existing CR programs, there is currently insufficient capacity in current CR programs to meet national service needs. Solutions to this problem will likely include the creation of new CR programs, and new policies that improve reimbursement for CR and also embrace new models of CR delivery.

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2497. Women’s Perspectives on and Experiences with Long-acting Injectable Anti-retroviral Therapy in the United States and Spain: the Potential Role of Gender in Patient Preferences

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2175 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S866-S866

Author(s):

Andrea R Mantsios ◽

Miranda Murray ◽

Tahilin Sanchez Karver ◽

Wendy Davis ◽

David Margolis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Future Research ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Full Time ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Provider Perspectives ◽

Long Acting ◽

Trial Participants

Abstract Background Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) to treat HIV remains a critical global health challenge given its relationship with individual health outcomes and population-level transmission. Given barriers associated with oral ART adherence, and considerations of patients’ preferences, long-acting injectable (LA) ART (cabotegravir + rilpivirine) is under development and has been shown to be non-inferior to daily oral ART in Phase III trials. While most of the trial participants have been men, as LA ART gets closer to becoming available for routine clinical use, it is critical to understand how this option is perceived by women. Methods We conducted in-depth interviews with 67 individuals, 53 people living with HIV (PLHIV) and 14 healthcare providers, in 11 sites in the United States and Spain participating in Phase III LA ART trials (ATLAS, ATLAS 2-M and FLAIR). Twenty percent (10/53) of trial participants interviewed were women. Interviews explored patient and provider perspectives and experiences with LA ART, and appropriate candidates and recommendations to support use. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and coded using thematic content analysis. Results Overall, several salient themes emerged regarding participant’s generally positive experiences transitioning from daily oral ART to injectable ART including: the importance of the clinical efficacy of LA ART, the ability to learn to manage injection side-effects over time, and the “freedom” reportedly afforded by LA ART logistically and psychosocially. Women interviewed shared many of the aforementioned positive perceptions of LA ART but also had some unique perspectives. Female participants discussed how LA ART was easier to integrate into their daily lives including managing their multiple roles and responsibilities, which often involved working full-time and taking care of themselves as well as their family and children. Conclusion Similar to all participants, female participants had generally positive views of LA ART. However, the gendered nature of their daily lives also led to some unique perspectives on why and how they were satisfied with LA ART that merits further exploration in future research. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Epidemiology Workforce Capacity in 27 Large Urban Health Departments in the United States, 2017

Public Health Reports ◽

10.1177/0033354919856935 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 134 (4) ◽

pp. 386-394

Author(s):

Meghan D. McGinty ◽

Nancy Binkin ◽

Jessica Arrazola ◽

Mia N. Israel ◽

Chrissie Juliano

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

United States ◽

Urban Health ◽

The United States ◽

Health Problems ◽

Full Time ◽

Health Departments ◽

Public Health Services ◽

Full Time Equivalent ◽

Workforce Capacity

Objectives: The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) has periodically assessed the epidemiological capacity of states since 2001, but the data do not reflect the total US epidemiology capacity. CSTE partnered with the Big Cities Health Coalition (BCHC) in 2017 to assess epidemiology capacity in large urban health departments. We described the epidemiology workforce capacity of large urban health departments in the United States and determined gaps in capacity among BCHC health departments. Methods: BCHC, in partnership with CSTE, modified the 2017 State Epidemiology Capacity Assessment for its 30 member departments. Topics in the assessment included epidemiology leadership, staffing, funding, capacity to perform 4 epidemiology-related Essential Public Health Services, salary ranges, hiring requirements, use of competencies, training needs, and job vacancies. Results: The 27 (90%) BCHC-member health departments that completed the assessment employed 1091 full-time equivalent epidemiologists. All or nearly all health departments provided epidemiology services for programs in infectious disease (n = 27), maternal and child health (n = 27), preparedness (n = 27), chronic diseases (n = 25), vital statistics (n = 25), and environmental health (n = 23). On average, funding for epidemiology activities came from local (47%), state (24%), and federal (27%) sources. Health departments reported needing a 40% increase from the current number of epidemiologists to achieve ideal epidemiology capacity. Twenty-five health departments reported substantial-to-full capacity to monitor health problems, 21 to diagnose health problems, 11 to conduct evaluations, and 9 to perform applied research. Conclusions: Strategies to meet 21st century challenges and increase substantial-to-full epidemiological capacity include seeking funds from nongovernmental sources, partnering with schools and programs of public health, and identifying creative solutions to hiring and retaining epidemiologists.

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