Co-microencapsulation of ammonium polyphosphate and aluminum hydroxide in halogen-free and intumescent flame retarding polypropylene

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaihang Zheng ◽  
Huimin Sun ◽  
Wenjie Li ◽  
Shuangling Zhong ◽  
Juntao Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Halogen Free

scholarly journals Improved Flame-Retardant and Ceramifiable Properties of EVA Composites by Combination of Ammonium Polyphosphate and Aluminum Hydroxide

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feipeng Lou ◽  
Kai Wu ◽  
Quan Wang ◽  
Zhongyu Qian ◽  
Shijuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Alumina Trihydrate ◽  
Strength Improvement

Ceramifiable flame-retardant ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer composites for wire and cable sheathing materials were prepared through melt compounding with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), aluminum hydroxide (ATH) and fluorophlogopite mica as the addition agents. The effects of ammonium polyphosphate, alumina trihydrate, and APP/ATH hybrid on the flame retardant, as well as on the thermal and ceramifiable properties of EVA composites, were investigated. The results demonstrated that the composites with the ratio of APP:ATH = 1:1 displayed the best flame retardancy and the greatest char residues among the various EVA composites. The tensile strength of the composites was 6.8 MPa, and the residue strength sintered at 1000 °C reached 5.2 MPa. The effect of sintering temperature on the ceramifiable properties, microstructures, and crystalline phases of the sintered specimen was subsequently investigated through X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and scanning electron microscopy. The XRD and FTIR results demonstrated that the crystal structure of mica was disintegrated, while magnesium orthophosphate (Mg3(PO4)2) was simultaneously produced at an elevated temperature, indicating that the ceramization of EVA composites had occurred. The SEM results demonstrated that a more continuous and compact microstructure was produced with the rise in the sintering temperature. This contributed to the flexural strength improvement of the ceramics.

Detection of the Intermediates in Preparation of Ammonium Polyphosphate by Temperature Raising Rate Factor

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 1654-1657
Author(s):  
Yue Long Liu ◽  
Gou Sheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Reaction Process ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
Internal Relationships ◽  
Controllable Preparation

Detection of intermediates is the general way to investigate a reaction mechanism, because the intermediates connect the reactants and the products, the intermediates can reflect some internal relationships between the reactants and the products. By studying the the structures of intermediates, the reaction process and reaction mechanism can thus be understood. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is an effective material as halogen-free flame retardants, it has six crystalline forms.In preparation of APP, the factor of temperature raising rate is investigated, some intermediates are detected, the XRD spectra of these intermediates are discussed. The results are informative for controllable preparation of APP in industrial production.

scholarly journals Development and optimization of fire-protective coating composition based on epoxypolymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3(60)) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Hryhorenko ◽  
Yevheniia Zolkina
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Oligomer ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Swelling Ratio ◽  
Coating Composition ◽  
Swelling Coefficient

The object of research is intumescent fire retardant coatings based on epoxy resins. The research is aimed at the development of mathematical models of the dependence of the swelling rate of intumescent fire retardant coatings on their composition. Considering the complexity of the processes during the formation of a protective carbon layer, it is advisable to select the optimal ratio of the components of an intumescent fire retardant coating experimentally, followed by the construction of mathematical dependences of the swelling ratio on the coating composition. Therefore, experimental studies aimed at developing and optimizing the composition of an intumescent fire retardant coating based on epoxy polymers are an important task. The studies were carried out in accordance with the theory of planning experiments with the construction of an orthogonal compositional plan of the second order. A linear swelling factor was chosen as the response function. Compositions based on the ED-20 epoxy oligomer, cured with polyethylene polyamine and filled with ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide, and graphite additive were used for the study. Based on the results of processing the experimental results, a regression equation was obtained and response surfaces were constructed that describe the dependence of the linear swelling coefficient Cs of an intumescent composition based on an epoxy oligomer on the content of ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide and graphite additive. A complex relationship is shown between the content of components and the linear swelling coefficient Cs with different ratios of the components. The optimum by the linear swelling coefficient (Cs=68.1) content of the components in the epoxy polymer was determined, amounting to 20 wt. including for ammonium polyphosphate, 15 mass parts including for aluminum hydroxide and 3 mass parts for the graphite additive. However, with such a ratio, the «self-extinguishing» condition is not met (Cs=27 %). Filling the composition with ammonium polyphosphate in an amount of 26.3 mass parts including, aluminum hydroxide 25 mass parts and 3.5 mass parts including graphite additives allows to get an intumescent fire retardant coating with a swelling ratio Cs over 63 and a reduced level of flammability (Ci=31 %)

Investigation of the Effect of Fillers on the Properties of the Expanded Coke Layer of Epoxyamine Compositions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
pp. 539-546
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Hryhorenko ◽  
Yevheniia Zolkina ◽  
Natalia Vyacheslavovna Saienko ◽  
Yuri Viktorovich Popov
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Linear Coefficient ◽  
Epoxy Oligomers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coke Layer

Intumescent fire-retardant coatings based on epoxy resins, compared to traditional fire-retardant compositions, have improved performance properties – high strength, chemical and atmospheric resistance, adhesion to many materials. However, unmodified epoxy polymers are combustible and to obtain IFR based on them, flame retardants and mineral fillers are added to their composition. Intumescent systems for flame retardant coatings based on epoxy oligomers (non-halogen-containing) usually consist of ammonium or ammophos polyphosphate as an acidic agent and a wide range of fillers, both inert and gaseous, or which are an additional source of carbon. Each component of the fire-retardant intimate coating in different ways affects the processes of coke formation, which determines the requirements for their choice. Thus, the aim of this work is to conduct experimental studies of the dependence of the characteristics of the expanded coke layer on the composition of the intumescent epoxyamine composition. The results of experimental studies of the effect of ammonium polyphosphate and binary mixtures of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with aluminum hydroxide (AH), sodium tetraborate decahydrate (STD), titanium oxide TiO2 (TO), pentaerythritol (P), aerosil (A) and expandable graphite are presented (EG) on the multiplicity of expanding and weight loss of epoxy compositions at study temperatures of 350, 400 and 450°C. Studies have shown that the production of intumescent flame retardant coatings based on epoxy oligomers is possible provided they are filled with ammonium polyphosphate in an amount of more than 20 mass parts. The most effective in terms of expanding are additives titanium oxide and aluminum hydroxide in an amount of 20 mass parts, which allows to obtain intumescent fire-retardant coatings with a linear coefficient of expanding 30-32 and 24-27, respectively, throughout the range of temperatures. The obtained data are useful in the development of fire-retardant coatings based on epoxy oligomers.

scholarly journals Effect of Ammonium Polyphosphate to Aluminum Hydroxide Mass Ratio on the Properties of Wood-Flour/Polypropylene Composites

Polymers ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Wang ◽  
Yao Peng ◽  
Mauro Zammarano ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jianzhang Li
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Polypropylene Composites
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