Alpha-fetoprotein levels and yolk sac size in the first trimester of pregnancy

Objective: To study the prenatal developmental anatomy in first trimester of pregnancy in Khyber Pakhtun Khuwa. Materials and methods: The cross sectional study was conducted on 600 pregnant females visiting the antenatal clinic of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar and Khyber clinic (Jamrud). The duration of study was 6 months. A pregnant women greater than 16 years of age, willing for ultrasound was selected, poor visualization due to technical factors like obesity, surgical scar were excluded. All the patients were enlisted under informed consent. Detailed obstetrical history was taken. The embryos were visualized with the help of abdominal ultrasound. Data were recorded followed by statistical analysis and presented as percentages. Results: In the present study, 591 cases (98.5%) were single, 8 (1.33%) cases were twin and one case is (0.16%) of triplets. The distributions of normal and abnormal cases were studied in first trimester. The shape of gestational sac was regular in 370(61.66%) and irregular in 230(38.33%) Yolk sacs were identified in 430(71.6%) cases, while in 170(28.33%) of cases yolk sac could not be identified. It could not be identified in 50 (8.33%) of cases due to early pregnancy and in 120 (20%) of cases due to abnormal pregnancy. The Fetal pole was detected in 150(25%) cases and could not be identified in 450 (75%) of cases. The relationship of gestational age, gestational sac and crown rump length in normal pregnancy was observed. Conclusions: There is linear increase in measurements of fetal growth parameters as the gestational age increases. For the assessment of gestational age in the first trimester, ultrasound is an accurate and useful modality. Key words: Trimester, Gestational sac, Yolk sac and Crown rump length.

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Uterine Glands Provide Histiotrophic Nutrition for the Human Fetus during the First Trimester of Pregnancy

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jcem.87.6.8563 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 87 (6) ◽

pp. 2954-2959 ◽

Cited By ~ 218

Author(s):

Graham J. Burton ◽

Adrian L. Watson ◽

Joanne Hempstock ◽

Jeremy N. Skepper ◽

Eric Jauniaux

Keyword(s):

First Trimester ◽

Maternal Blood ◽

Yolk Sac ◽

Chorionic Villi ◽

Intervillous Space ◽

Human Blastocyst ◽

Fetal Nutrition ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽

Uterine Glands ◽

Phagocytic Uptake

Providing adequate nutrition to the fetus is key to a successful pregnancy. The interstitial form of implantation displayed by the human blastocyst is generally associated with early onset of maternal blood flow to the developing placenta, and hence hemotrophic exchange. However, the recent finding that the maternal intraplacental circulation is not fully established until the third month of gestation suggests that human fetal nutrition may be initially histiotrophic. We therefore investigated activity of the uterine glands during early pregnancy. We demonstrate here that these glands remain active until at least wk 10 of pregnancy, and that their secretions are delivered freely into the placental intervillous space. We also demonstrate phagocytic uptake by the placental syncytiotrophoblast of two glycoproteins, the mucin MUC-1 and glycodelin A, synthesized in the maternal glands. Glycodelin was also detected within the epithelium of the secondary yolk sac lining the exocoelomic cavity, indicating that the yolk sac may play an important role in nutrient exchange before vascularisation of the chorionic villi. Our findings demonstrate that the uterine glands are an important source of nutrients during organogenesis, when metabolism is essentially anaerobic.

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Pilot study establishing a nomogram of yolk sac growth during the first trimester of pregnancy

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research ◽

10.1111/jog.14173 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laura Detti ◽

Robert A. Roman ◽

Patricia J. Goedecke ◽

Mary E. Christiansen ◽

Irene Peregrin‐Alvarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

First Trimester ◽

Yolk Sac ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy

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Catheter Directed Thrombolysis for Deep Vein Thrombosis during the First Trimester of Pregnancy: Two Case Reports

Journal of the Korean Radiological Society ◽

10.3348/jkrs.2008.58.2.127 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 127

Author(s):

Kum Rae Kim ◽

Won Kyu Park ◽

Jae Woon Kim ◽

Woo Hyung Kwun ◽

Bo Yang Suh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽

Case Reports ◽

First Trimester ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Catheter Directed Thrombolysis ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽

Deep Vein

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FRACTIONAL DETERMINATIONS OF URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0410123 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 123-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Pentti A. Järvinen ◽

Sykkö Pesonen ◽

Pirkko Väänänen

Keyword(s):

Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽

First Trimester ◽

Control Group ◽

Before And After ◽

Daily Urine ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽

The Difference

ABSTRACT The fractional determination of 17-ketosteroids in the daily urine was performed in nine cases of hyperemesis gravidarum and in four control cases, in the first trimester of pregnancy both before and after corticotrophin administration. The excretion of total 17-KS is similar in the two groups. Only in the hyperemesis group does the excretion of total 17-KS increase significantly after corticotrophin administration. The fractional determination reveals no difference between the two groups of patients with regard to the values of the fractions U (unidentified 17-KS), A (androsterone) and Rest (11-oxygenated 17-KS). The excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone is significantly higher in the hyperemesis group than in the control group. The excretion of androstanolone seems to be lower in the hyperemesis group than in the control group, but the difference is not statistically significant. The differences in the correlation between dehydroepiandrosterone and androstanolone in the two groups is significant. The high excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and low excretion of androstanolone in cases of hyperemesis gravidarum is a sign of adrenal dysfunction.

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