Me, Myself, and Mobility: The Relevance of Region for Young Adults‘ Identity Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Schubach ◽  
Julia Zimmermann ◽  
Peter Noack ◽  
Franz J. Neyer
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Identity Statuses ◽  
World Region ◽  
Dimensional Identity ◽  
Latent Profile

As residential mobility is a common life event that particularly affects young adults, regional identity may be relevant for young adults. We therefore extended the three–dimensional identity model to the regional domain. The development of regional identity was studied using a prospective design over six months with a sample of 1,795 post–secondary graduates (71% female, mean age of 24.54 years), containing both movers and non–movers. Latent profile analyses and latent profile transition analyses revealed three main findings: First, solutions with four regional identity statuses—moratorium, searching moratorium, closure, and achievement—were found to be most interpretable. Second, the emergent statuses differed substantially in terms of Big Five personality traits and life satisfaction, as well as with moving experience. Third, the stability of identity status membership across a period of six months was highest for the non–movers group. Comparatively less stability across time was found for the movers, underscoring the relevance of transitions for identity development. Taken together, these findings show that even in a mobile world, region matters in identity development. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Internet Use, Identity Development and Social Anxiety Among Young Adults

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Mazalin ◽  
Susan Moore
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Identity Statuses

AbstractContradictory evidence exists regarding the benefit of the Internet for social and personal wellbeing, with some studies indicating deleterious effects and others possible social enrichment. The potential for increased social isolation from ‘overinvolvement’ in online activities or, conversely, the Internet's possibilities for enhancing social relationships, may be particularly salient during young adulthood and adolescence because of the special importance of the peer group during this developmental phase. This study was an investigation of the relationships between the levels of identity development, Internet use and social anxiety among a sample of 161 older adolescents/young adults aged between 18 and 25. Results indicated that, for males only, higher levels of social anxiety and less mature identity statuses were associated with more frequent Internet use, specifically time spent in chatrooms, online browsing for personal use, and games. For females (who were in this sample less socially anxious, more identity-developed, and lower users of the Internet than males), social anxiety and identity status were not significantly associated with time spent online. Discussion centred around the potential roles of Internet use in reinforcing already-existing social anxiety or, alternatively, in supporting and maintaining social contacts in those with lower levels of social deficit.

Identity Status, Gender, and Social Comparison among Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Gyberg ◽  
Ann Frisén
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Global Identity ◽  
Identity Statuses ◽  
Social Comparison Orientation ◽  
And Diffusion

The aim of this study was to investigate identity status globally and across identity domains among young Swedish adult women and men. Also, potential differences in social comparison between identity statuses were evaluated. The results showed that most of the 124 participants (50% women, Mage 33.29 years) were assigned to an achieved global identity and had made identity-defining commitments across domains. Gender differences in identity status were found in the occupational and parenthood domains. In addition, differences in social comparison orientation were found only in the parenthood domain, whereas those assigned to moratorium scored higher in social comparison than did those assigned to foreclosure and diffusion. These results bring important knowledge to our understanding of identity during young adulthood.

Vocational Identity Trajectories: Differences in Personality and Development of Well–Being

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hirschi
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vocational Identity ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Identity Statuses ◽  
Over Time

This person–centred study investigated the longitudinal patterns of vocational identity development in relation to personality, the development of well–being, gender, nationality and the attended school track among two cohorts of Swiss adolescents in 8th or 9th grade ( N = 269) and in 11th or 12th grade ( N = 230). The results confirmed the existence of four identity statuses, namely, achievement, foreclosure, moratorium and diffusion. Forty–two per cent of students showed progressive patterns of identity development, while 37% remained in their identity status over time. Students with different statuses and status change patterns differed significantly in their personality traits. Higher neuroticism related to the emergence of identity exploration over time, while conscientiousness related to maintaining or achieving a sense of identity commitment in terms of achievement or foreclosure. Controlling for the effects of socio–demographics and personality traits, students who reached or maintained a state characterized by identity clarity and commitment showed a relative increase in life satisfaction, while those entering a state of identity crisis or exploration showed a decrease in life satisfaction. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals The Role of Domain Content in Understanding Identity Development Processes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate C. McLean ◽  
Moin Syed ◽  
Alisha Yoder ◽  
Andrea Greenhoot
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Narrative Identity ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
Identity Statuses ◽  
Narrative Approaches ◽  
Identity Processes ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Existential Concerns

The current studies examined the importance of domain content in the processes of identity development using two approaches – narrative and status. We examined personal narratives for identity domain content, the co-occurrence of different contents, and the relations between content and processes, using two approaches to identity – status and narrative. Across two studies, 762 participants (average age = 19 years), and 2214 narratives, traditional ideological and interpersonal status domains were present, but so was a novel domain: existential concerns. Narrative identity processes were more frequent in narratives with multiple contents, and relations between identity statuses processes and narrative processes were modest. We discuss theoretical implications, the importance of examining content, and the utility of narrative approaches for doing so.

The Identity Status Continuum Revisited

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Meeus
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
Identity Statuses ◽  
Identity Maintenance ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

Abstract. The developmental continuum of identity status has been a topic of theoretical debate since the early 1980’s. A recent meta-analysis and recent studies with dual cycle models lead to two conclusions: (1) during adolescence there is systematic identity maturation; (2) there are two continuums of identity status progression. Both continuums show that in general adolescents move from transient identity statuses to identity statuses that mark the relative endpoints of development: from diffusion to closure, and from searching moratorium and moratorium to closure and achievement. This pattern can be framed as development from identity formation to identity maintenance. In Identity Status Interview research using Marcia’s model, not the slightest indication for a continuum of identity development was found. This may be due to the small sample sizes of the various studies leading to small statistical power to detect differences in identity status transitions, as well as developmental inconsistencies in Marcia’s model. Findings from this review are interpreted in terms of life-span developmental psychology.

Identity status and emotion regulation in adolescence and early adulthood

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
Upper Secondary School ◽  
Identity Statuses ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Upper Secondary

Abstract The article presents the results of a study investigating the links between emotion regulation and identity. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the two variables. On the basis of neo-eriksonian theories, an attempt to specify the role of emotion regulation in the process of identity formation was made. The study involved 849 people (544 women, 304 men) aged 14-25. The participants attended six types of schools: lower secondary school, basic vocational school, technical upper secondary school, general upper secondary school, post-secondary school, and university. The research was conducted with the use of two questionnaires: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS). The analysis of the results points to a partial confirmation of the assumed hypotheses about the differences between people with different identity statuses in respect of the six investigated dimensions of emotion regulation. Also, the hypotheses about the links between the dimensions of emotion regulation and dimensions of identity in the subgroups with different identity statuses were partially confirmed.

scholarly journals Przywiązanie, parentyfikacja i trauma relacyjna a status tożsamości w okresie wyłaniającej się dorosłości

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-239
Author(s):  
Jakub Róg-Mazurek
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
Diffuse Type ◽  
Identity Statuses ◽  
Relational Trauma ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Guardian

Nowadays, it is young adults, not adolescents, who face the challenge of determining their own identity. This process, compared to previous generations, takes place in qualitatively different conditions. Moreover, the current attributes of an adult have become obsolete. For this reason, making the vision of oneself reality may be associated with various difficulties. The root of the failure to clarify identity is to be found in the original bond with the guardian and in all experiences that disrupt attachment. Among these types of experiences, relational trauma and parentification are worth mentioning. Relational trauma can be said to be when a child experiences repeated neglect in the context of a close relationship. A similar phenomenon is parentification.The aim of the research is to check 1) whether there are significant differences between the identified identity statuses and 2) whether the variables (attachment style, experience of parentification and relational trauma) differentiate the identity status in the period of emergingadulthood. Three identity statuses are distinguished: Identity of anxiety type (N = 23), identity of diffuse type (N = 30) and identity of type achieved (N = 43). Each type differs in terms of both the experiences and the severity of the identity dimensions.

scholarly journals The relationships between self-esteem and Ego-identity development

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Jelena Tovarović
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Ego Identity ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
Identity Statuses ◽  
Ego Identity Status ◽  
The Impact

Identity and self-esteem are important concepts in the development and understanding of individual's self-perception. Perceptions and opinions of significant others influence the construction of adolescents' representations of self and the formation of identity, which, in turn, can be a strong predictor of self-esteem. The significance of our research is reflected in the examination of subjective choices and commitment to roles, values and goals in the domains of religion, occupation, politics and relationships, which can all affect self-esteem. Hence, this paper aims to examine the relationship between identity and self-esteem, more precisely, the impact of identity on self-esteem. The study involved 487 adolescents who completed two questionnaires: the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (EOMEIS-2), which contains four statuses: Achievement, Foreclosure, Diffusion identity and Moratorium, and the Self-Liking Self-Competence Scale (SLSC) used for the assessment of self-esteem, consisting of two dimensions: Self-liking and Self-competence. Correlation analysis of four identity statuses and two dimensions of self-esteem showed a positive correlation of Self-competence and Self-liking with Achievement identity, and a negative correlation of the two dimensions of self-esteem with the Foreclosure, Diffusion identity and Moratorium. In order to analyze the influence of identity on self-esteem in more detail, a regression analysis was performed. When it comes to the dimensions of Self-competence and Self-liking, the most significant predictor is Achievement identity, while Moratorium and Foreclosure identity are less impactful predictors, with a negative sign. The results are interpreted in terms of the influence of identity on the level of self-esteem, as well as the importance of support from others, such as parents and peers. Finally, we provide guidelines for further research of the connection between identity, self-esteem and other concepts which play a significant role in the process of developing the concept of self.

Identity Development in Adolescence and Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Kroger
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
Erik Erikson ◽  
Identity Statuses ◽  
Identity Resolution ◽  
Identity Achievement ◽  
Over Time

Psychoanalyst Erik Erikson was the first professional to describe and use the concept of ego identity in his writings on what constitutes healthy personality development for every individual over the course of the life span. Basic to Erikson’s view, as well as those of many later identity writers, is the understanding that identity enables one to move with purpose and direction in life, and with a sense of inner sameness and continuity over time and place. Erikson considered identity to be psychosocial in nature, formed by the intersection of individual biological and psychological capacities in combination with the opportunities and supports offered by one’s social context. Identity normally becomes a central issue of concern during adolescence, when decisions about future vocational, ideological, and relational issues need to be addressed; however, these key identity concerns often demand further reflection and revision during different phases of adult life as well. Identity, thus, is not something that one resolves once and for all at the end of adolescence, but rather identity may continue to evolve and change over the course of adult life too. Following Erikson’s initial writings, subsequent theorists have laid different emphases on the role of the individual and the role of society in the identity formation process. One very popular elaboration of Erikson’s own writings on identity that retains a psychosocial focus is the identity status model of James Marcia. While Erikson had described one’s identity resolution as lying somewhere on a continuum between identity achievement and role confusion (and optimally located nearer the achievement end of the spectrum), Marcia defined four very different means by which one may approach identity-defining decisions: identity achievement (commitment following exploration), moratorium (exploration in process), foreclosure (commitment without exploration), and diffusion (no commitment with little or no exploration). These four approaches (or identity statuses) have, over many decades, been the focus of over 1,000 theoretical and research studies that have examined identity status antecedents, behavioral consequences, associated personality characteristics, patterns of interpersonal relations, and developmental forms of movement over time. A further field of study has focused on the implications for intervention that each identity status holds. Current research seeks both to refine the identity statuses and explore their dimensions further through narrative analysis.

Comparison of Self-Differentiation and Identity Statuses in Twins and Nontwins

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Malahat Amani ◽  
Arefeh Shariatipour
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
Identical Twins ◽  
Identity Statuses ◽  
Ego Identity Status ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Adolescence Period ◽  
Self Differentiation

Abstract Formation of identity and differentiation is crucial in the development process of adolescents and young people. Despite many studies on identity status and self-differentiation in adolescence and early adulthood stages, this issue has been less examined among twins. This study was conducted to compare self-differentiation and identity statuses in twins and nontwins. The sample of the study consisted of 128 identical twins, 176 nonidentical twins and 170 nontwins aged from 13 to 30 years and living in Mashhad in Iran, who completed the Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status and Self-Differentiation questionnaires. The results showed that the self-differentiation of identical and nonidentical twins was significantly higher than nontwins. The results also showed that level of Foreclosure identity, Moratorium identity and Achieved identity was similar among identical twins, nonidentical twins and nontwins, but significantly different in terms of Diffusion identity. Further, the results showed that twins younger than 18 years had scores higher than nontwins and twins over 18 years in terms of Diffusion identity. Findings revealed that females were significantly lower than males for Moratorium identity. The adolescence period and co-twins may be the reason for the high levels of Diffusion identity and self-differentiation. Also, it seems that identity development and differentiation are related to emotional and cognitive development.

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