Reactive power consumption in photovoltaic inverters: a novel configuration for voltage regulation in low-voltage radial feeders with no need for central control

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioulia T. Papaioannou ◽  
Arturs Purvins ◽  
Charis S. Demoulias
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Central Control

scholarly journals Using Energy Storage Inverters of Prosumer Installations for Voltage Control in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Rozmysław Mieński ◽  
Przemysław Urbanek ◽  
Irena Wasiak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Total Power

The paper includes the analysis of the operation of low-voltage prosumer installation consisting of receivers and electricity sources and equipped with a 3-phase energy storage system. The aim of the storage application is the management of active power within the installation to decrease the total power exchanged with the supplying network and thus reduce energy costs borne by the prosumer. A solution for the effective implementation of the storage system is presented. Apart from the active power management performed according to the prosumer’s needs, the storage inverter provides the ancillary service of voltage regulation in the network according to the requirements of the network operator. A control strategy involving algorithms for voltage regulation without prejudice to the prosumer’s interest is described in the paper. Reactive power is used first as a control signal and if the required voltage effect cannot be reached, then the active power in the controlled phase is additionally changed and the Energy Storage System (ESS) loading is redistributed in phases in such a way that the total active power set by the prosumer program remains unchanged. The efficiency of the control strategy was tested by means of a simulation model in the PSCAD/EMTDC program. The results of the simulations are presented.

scholarly journals Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for Gearless PMSG-Based Wind Turbine

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Nasiri ◽  
Saleh Mobayen ◽  
Quan Min Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Chattering Free ◽  
Grid Codes ◽  
Grid Side

In recent years, the complexities of wind turbine control are raised while implementing grid codes in voltage sag conditions. In fact, wind turbines should stay connected to the grid and inject reactive power according to the new grid codes. Accordingly, this paper presents a new control algorithm based on super-twisting sliding mode for a gearless wind turbine by a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The PMSG is connected to the grid via the back-to-back converter. In the proposed method, the machine side converter regulates the DC-link voltage. This strategy improves low-voltage ride through (LVRT) capability. In addition, the grid side inverter provides the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control. It should be noted that the super-twisting sliding mode (STSM) control is implemented to effectively deal with nonlinear relationship between DC-link voltage and the input control signal. The main features of the designed controller are being chattering-free and its robustness against external disturbances such as grid fault conditions. Simulations are performed on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. This controller is compared with Proportional-Integral (PI) and the first-order sliding mode (FOSM) controllers to illustrate the DC-link voltage regulation capability in the normal and grid fault conditions. Then, to show the MPPT implementation of the proposed controller, wind speed is changed with time. The simulation results show designed STSM controller better performance and robustness under different conditions.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZE THE PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IN GAS SEPARATION STATIONS (DEGASSING STATION DS ) AND ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS OF OIL EQUIPMENT FOR OIL RUMAILA FIELD

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Abdulhameed Abdulhy Al-Ali ◽  
V. Yu. Kornilov ◽  
A. G. Gorodnov
Keyword(s):  
Power Factor ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Electrical Submersible Pumps ◽  
Energy Compensation

Annotation: There are various types of electrical equipment used in the extraction of oil at the Rumaila field, with an average voltage of 11 kV and a low voltage of 0.4 kV. The most common elements in this class are transformers and reactors, engines and gas discharge lamps. All of this equipment consumes reactive power and reduces the value of the power factor. (Power factor is the ratio of kW to kVA). The closer the power factor to the maximum possible value of 1, the greater the benefit for the consumer and supplier. In case of low power factor, the current will be increased, and this high current will lead to (large line losses, an increase in the nominal total power of kVA and overhaul dimensions of electrical equipment, deterioration in voltage regulation process and an increase in voltage drop, a decrease in efficiency).Power factor improvement allows the use of smaller transformers, switchgear and cables, etc. as well as reducing power losses and voltage drop in an installation. Improving the power factor of an installation requires a bank of capacitors which acts as a source of reactive energy. These arrangements provide reactive energy compensation. In Rumila, An improvement of the power factor of an installation presents several technical and economic advantages, notably in the reduction of electricity bills, we save (685.854.007 Iraqi Dinar= 550.000 $) for one month . All this work takes 6 to 12 month.

Impacts of Wind Energy Integration to the Utility Grid and Grid Codes: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-469
Author(s):  
Puneet K. Srivastava ◽  
Amar N. Tiwari ◽  
Sri N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Grid Codes

Background: This paper reviews the requirements imposed by Transmission System Operators (TSOs) in their grid codes to address intolerable implications of integrating large Wind Power Plants (WPPs) to the grid. Besides the common objectives, terminologies used by different TSOs were distinct. Therefore, developing a harmonized grid code is imperative. Introduction: On the recommendation of the European Commission, European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) has made concerted efforts in the direction of developing a harmonized grid code, and published its document in March 2013. Method: Several TSOs have updated their grid codes in accordance with the increasing wind energy penetration. We have made an effort to present a comparison between different integration requirements specified by different grid codes. The outcomes presented will certainly be beneficial to the countries, which are in the process of enacting their own grid code. Result: We have reviewed different grid codes in terms of Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) requirement, operating voltage and frequency range, active power control (frequency regulation) and reactive power support (voltage regulation). Conclusion: The present study envisages helping wind turbine manufacturers and WPP developers, as it would provide them a clear insight into the regulations imposed on WPPs as included/ updated in different grid codes.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Reactive Power Control Method of Distributed Generation to Mitigate Voltage Rise in Low-Voltage Grid

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Bin Kim ◽  
Seung-Ho Song
Keyword(s):  
Power Control ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Reactive Power Control ◽  
Voltage Rise ◽  
Distributed Generator ◽  
Network Losses

A high penetration of distributed generators, such as solar and wind power generators in low voltage network systems, impose voltage rise problems. Reactive power control of distributed generators can contribute to mitigating the voltage rise. In the existing reactive power control, reactive power was controlled using only one local variable, such as voltage at point of connection or the active power output of distributed generator. In case of PF(P) method, which provides certain power factors, depending on the active power of distributed generator, the voltage regulation ability is strong, but network losses are large. Q(V) method, which provides a certain amount of reactive power depending on the local voltage, has few network losses, but the voltage regulation ability is weak. In this paper, a reactive power control method that combines the PF(P) method and Q(V) method was proposed. The proposed method determines the reactive power output by using the active power of the distributed generator and local voltage variables together. The proposed method improves the voltage regulation ability of the reactive power control, while reducing the network losses, as compared to the existing method. The low voltage network system was modeled and simulated to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, in terms of voltage regulation ability and network losses, and the performance of the proposed method and the existing method were compared and analyzed.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of Novel Multi-Converter-Based Unified Power Quality Conditioner for Low-Voltage High-Current Distribution System

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yang ◽  
Kangli Liu ◽  
Sen Zhang ◽  
Jianfeng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Power Quality ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
High Current ◽  
Unified Power Quality Conditioner ◽  
Power Quality Conditioner

This paper introduces a novel multi-converter-based unified power quality conditioner (MCB-UPQC). Three optimization methods are proposed based on the traditional UPQC: (1) The shunt converter is substituted with multi-modular parallel converters. Hence, the reactive power and harmonic currents can be increased greatly, which are suitable for low-voltage high-current distribution systems. (2) The series converters consist of three H-bridge inverters, and each of the H-bridge inverters is controlled separately. The control strategy is easier to achieve and can improve the control performance of voltage regulation under unbalanced voltage sag or swell. (3) A three-phase four-leg (3P4L) converter is connected to the common DC bus of the proposed UPQC to connect the renewable energy and energy storage system. The detailed mathematical models of shunt and series converters are analyzed, respectively. A multi-proportional resonant (PR) controller is presented in the voltage regulation and reactive power compensation control algorithms. The simulation results verify the feasibility of the control algorithms. Finally, the experimental platform is established, and the experimental results are presented to verify the validity and superiority of the proposed topology and algorithms.

scholarly journals Comparison of Reactive Power Control Techniques for Solar PV Inverters to Mitigate Voltage Rise in Low-Voltage Grids

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Dilini Almeida ◽  
Jagadeesh Pasupuleti ◽  
Janaka Ekanayake
Keyword(s):  
Power Control ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Reactive Power Control ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Power Factor Control

The greater integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems into low-voltage (LV) distribution networks has posed new challenges for the operation of power systems. The violation of voltage limits attributed to reverse power flow has been recognized as one of the significant consequences of high PV penetration. Thus, the reactive power control of PV inverters has emerged as a viable solution for localized voltage regulation. This paper presents a detailed study on a typical Malaysian LV distribution network to demonstrate the effectiveness of different reactive power control techniques in mitigating overvoltage issues due to high PV integration. The performance of four reactive power control techniques namely, fixed power factor control, scheduled power factor control, power factor control as a function of injected active power, and voltage-dependent reactive power control were analyzed and compared in terms of the number of customers with voltage violations, reactive power compensation, and network losses. Three-phase, time-series, high-resolution power-flow simulations were performed to investigate the potential overvoltage issues and to assess the performance of the adoption of reactive power controls in the network. The simulation results revealed that the incorporation of reactive power controls of solar PV inverters aids in successfully mitigating the overvoltage issues of typical Malaysian networks. In particular, the Volt-Var control outperformed the other control techniques by providing effective voltage regulation while requiring less reactive power compensation. Furthermore, the comparative analysis highlighted the significance of employing the most appropriate control technique for improved network performance.

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