A simple radiative-convective model with a hydrological cycle and interactive clouds

Abstract. Abrupt transitions between cold/dry stadial and warm/wet interstadial states occurred during glacial periods in the absence of any known external forcing. The climate record preserved in polar glaciers, mountain glaciers, and widespread cave deposits reveals that these events were global in extent with temporal distribution implying an underlying memoryless process with millennial time scale. Here a theory is advanced implicating feedback between atmospheric dust and the hydrological cycle in producing these abrupt transitions. Calculations are performed using a radiative-convective model that includes the interaction of aerosols with radiation to reveal the mechanism of this dust/precipitation interaction feedback process and a Langevin equation is used to illustrate glacial climate destabilization by this mechanism. This theory explains the observed abrupt, bimodal, and memoryless nature of these transitions as well as their intrinsic connection with the hydrological cycle.

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A mechanism for dust-induced destabilization of glacial climates

Climate of the Past Discussions ◽

10.5194/cpd-8-1721-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1721-1735

Author(s):

B. F. Farrell ◽

D. S. Abbot

Keyword(s):

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

External Forcing ◽

Feedback Process ◽

Climate Record ◽

Mountain Glaciers ◽

Millennial Time Scale ◽

Glacial Periods ◽

Convective Model ◽

Dust Precipitation

Abstract. Abrupt transitions between cold/dry stadial and warm/wet interstadial states occurred during glacial periods in the absence of any known external forcing. The climate record preserved in polar glaciers, mountain glaciers, and widespread cave deposits reveals that these events were global in extent with temporal distribution implying an underlying memoryless process with millennial time scale. Here a theory is advanced implicating feedback between atmospheric dust and the hydrological cycle in producing these abrupt transitions. Calculations are performed using a radiative-convective model that includes the interaction of aerosols with radiation to reveal the mechanism of this dust/precipitation interaction feedback process and a Langevin equation is used to illustrate qualitatively glacial climate destabilization by this mechanism. This theory explains the observed abrupt, bimodal, and memoryless nature of these transitions as well as their intrinsic connection with the hydrological cycle.

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STUDY OF POND STATUS IN INDIA : A REVIEW

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v23i1pp99-104 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

V.K. YADAV ◽

SONAM SHARMA ◽

A.K. SRIVASTAVA ◽

P.K. KHARE

Keyword(s):

Fresh Water ◽

Land Surface ◽

Human Population ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Habitat Destruction ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Human Use ◽

Over Exploitation

Ponds are an important fresh water critical ecosystem for plants and animals providing goods and services including food, fodder, fish, irrigation, hydrological cycle, shelter, medicine, culture, aesthetic and recreation. Ponds cover less than 2 percent of worlds land surface. Ponds are important source of fresh water for human use. These are threatened by urbanization, industrialization, over exploitation, fragmentation, habitat destruction, pollution, illegal capturing of land and climate changes. These above factors have been destroying ponds very rapidly putting them in danger of extinction of a great number of local biodiversity. It is necessary to formulate a correct conservation strategy for pond restoration in order to meet the growing needs of fresh water by increasing the human population. Some measures have been compiled and proposed in the present review.

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Impact of Solar Activity on Hydrological Cycle of the Himalayan and Indian Peninsula Rivers

Modern Environmental Science and Engineering ◽

10.15341/mese(2333-2581)/03.01.2015/003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 123-126

Author(s):

Bakhram Nurtaev

Keyword(s):

Solar Activity ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Indian Peninsula

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An atmospheric radiative-convective model with interactive water vapor transport and cloud development

Tellus ◽

10.3402/tellusa.v33i4.10723 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 372-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

John R. Hummel ◽

William R. Kuhn

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Vapor Transport ◽

Water Vapor Transport ◽

Cloud Development ◽

Convective Model

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Role of a simplified hydrological cycle and clouds in regulating the climate–biota system of Daisyworld

Tellus B ◽

10.3402/tellusb.v61i2.16846 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Juan Fernando Salazar ◽

Germán Poveda

Keyword(s):

Hydrological Cycle

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Authenticity of sugar – Identification of plant source and determination of geographical origin of sucrose

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si17158 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 40-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andreas G. Degenhardt

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Isotope Ratio ◽

Geographical Origin ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Isotope Ratios ◽

Saccharum Officinarum ◽

Mass Spectrometric ◽

C3 And C4 Plants ◽

Plant Source

The isotope ratios of water, organic matter and micronutrients from food are dependent on the circumstances and sites of their origin and production. Analytical methods, based on mass spectrometry, are established for routine determination of isotopes. Differentiation between metabolic pathways of C3 and C4 plants is realizable by determination 13C/12C ratios which can distinguish and identify sucrose from pure beet (Beta vulgaris) and pure cane (Saccharum officinarum). Influenced by the worldwide hydrological cycle the isotope ratios of 2H/1H and 18O/16O vary systematically, the variations give information about geographical origin. The exemplarily determination of authenticity is demonstrated by using mass spectrometric isotope ratio evaluation for identification of plant source and geographical origin with the help of selected sugar samples with known origin.

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Authenticity of speciality sugars – Determination of carbohydrate source and geographical origin of invert sugar syrup and burnt sugar syrup

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si18169 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 87-91

Author(s):

Andreas G. Degenhardt ◽

Elke Jansen ◽

Timo, J. Koch

Keyword(s):

Geographical Origin ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Isotope Ratios ◽

Saccharum Officinarum ◽

Invert Sugar ◽

C4 Plants ◽

Yeast Fermentation ◽

Carbohydrate Source ◽

Sugar Syrup

Modern instrumental analytical methods for the determination of 13C/12C ratios are established to differentiate between metabolic products of C3 and C4 plants. Differentiation and identification of sucrose from pure beet (Beta vulgaris) and pure cane (Saccharum officinarum) are possible without doubt. Influenced by the worldwide hydrological cycle the determination of the isotope ratios of 2H/1H and 18O/16O as well as their variations provide information about geographical origin. Using samples of selected crystal cane sugar (CCS) with known origin, invert sugar syrups (ISS) as well as burnt sugar syrups (BSS) produced therefrom, the authenticity was determined. The speciality sugars ISS and BSS which were made from CCS could be identified as carbohydrates of C4 plants by using 13C/12C Isotope-Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS). In combination with yeast fermentation of ISS and sugar separation from BSS and fermentation into ethanol as well as knowledge about production water, the C2-H/O isotope ratios of ethanol can theoretically determine the geographical origin of the sugars.

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