Initial development of precipitation and onset of cloud electrification in thunderstorms at Pune

Using one-minute interval data of electric field and the records of rainfall measured at the ground surface, time sequence in the initial registration of precipitation and the onset of cloud electrification was examined for a series of 14 thunderstorms of the year 1973 at Pune to study the relationship between the initial development of precipitation and intensification of cloud electrification. The combined result of the 14 storms studied, each of which yielded precipitation, indicated in-cloud development of precipitation at least 3-7 minutes in advance of onset of cloud electrification. It is inferred from the other supplementing studies published by other workers and from the above result that in most cases the precipitation development in thunderstorms is initiated well before the electric field begins to intensify. This result is in close agreement with the result of previous studies.

Preconditioning, aerosols, and radiation control the temperature of glaciation in Amazonian clouds

Glaciation in clouds is a fundamental phenomenon in determining Earth’s radiation fluxes, sensible and latent heat budgets in the atmosphere, the water cycle, cloud development and lifetime. Nevertheless, the main mechanisms that govern the temperature of glaciation in clouds have not been fully identified. Here we present an analysis of 15 years (2000-2014) of satellite, sunphotometer, and reanalysis datasets over the Amazon. We find that the temperature of glaciation in convective clouds is controlled by preconditioning dynamics, natural and anthropic aerosols, and radiation. In a moist atmospheric column, prone to deep convection, increasing the amount of aerosols leads to a delay in the onset of glaciation, reducing the glaciation temperature. For a dry column, radiative extinction by biomass burning smoke leads to atmospheric stabilization and an increase in the glaciation temperature. Our results offer observational benchmarks that can help a more precise description of glaciation in convective cloud models.

Frequency and Characteristics of Inland Advecting Sea Breezes in the Southeast United States

Sea breezes have been observed to move inland over 100 km. These airmasses can be markedly different from regional airmasses, creating a shallow layer with differences in humidity, wind, temperature and aerosol characteristics. To understand their influence on boundary layer and cloud development on subsequent days, we identify their frequency and characteristics. We visually identified sea breeze fronts on radar passing over the Savannah River Site (SRS) between March and October during 2015–2019. The SRS is ~150 km from the nearest coastal location; therefore, our detection suggests further inland penetration. We also identified periods when sea breeze fronts may have passed but were not visually observed on radar due to the shallow sea breeze airmass remaining below the radar beam elevation that ranges between approximately 1–8 km depending on the beam angle and radar source (Columbia, SC or Charleston, SC). Near-surface atmospheric measurements indicate that the dew point temperature increases, the air temperature decreases, the variation in wind direction decreases and the aerosol size increases after sea breeze frontal passage. A synoptic classification procedure also identified that inland moving sea breezes are more commonly observed when the synoptic conditions include weak to moderate offshore winds with an average of 35 inland sea breezes occurring each year, focused primarily in the months of April, May and June.

Containerization of Web Application using Docker

Containerization in modern times became an efficient way of increasing productivity in IT development and operation processes. As the corporate world keeps growing, people want optimize the use of docker and want the proper usage of this valuable tool. Most of the companies and developers make use of Docker containers because it is a drastic improvement for cloud development, and DevOps more specifically. In this research, I present a detailed explanation of Docker technology which will comprise all the major aspects of docker. Further the paper will give an overview about deployment of web application using docker.

FEATURES OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ELECTRICAL AND RADAR PARAMETERS OF THUNDERCLOUDS IN INDIA (FIELD STUDIES)

The analysis of field observations of thunderclouds in India is provided. The characteristics of the cloud collection obtained from the radar and lightning detection network in the area of the city of Aurangabad (the Maharashtra province, India) are considered. The maximum radar reflectivity of thunderstorm cells, the volume of the supercooled part above the 0C isotherm, the intensity and flow of precipitation, and the frequency of electric discharges are obtained. It is shown that the frequency of electric discharges is associated with some radar parameters of thunderclouds, and this relationship depends on the stage of cloud development. Comparative field data for other regions are given.