Can halogen bond energy be reliably estimated from electron density properties at bond critical point? The case of the (A) n Z—Y•••X − (X, Y = F, Cl, Br) interactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (8) ◽  
pp. e25869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim L. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Bond Energy ◽  
Halogen Bond ◽  
Bond Critical Point

scholarly journals The many flavours of halogen bonds – message from experimental electron density and Raman spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1190-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruimin Wang ◽  
Janine George ◽  
Shannon Kimberly Potts ◽  
Marius Kremer ◽  
Richard Dronskowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Halogen Bond ◽  
Bond Distance ◽  
Bond Critical Point ◽  
Halogen Bonds ◽  
Derived Properties ◽  
The Many ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Experimental Electron Density

Experimental electron-density studies based on high-resolution diffraction experiments allow halogen bonds between heavy halogens to be classified. The topological properties of the electron density in Cl...Cl contacts vary smoothly as a function of the interaction distance. The situation is less straightforward for halogen bonds between iodine and small electronegative nucleophiles, such as nitrogen or oxygen, where the electron density in the bond critical point does not simply increase for shorter distances. The number of successful charge–density studies involving iodine is small, but at least individual examples for three cases have been observed. (a) Very short halogen bonds between electron-rich nucleophiles and heavy halogen atoms resemble three-centre–four-electron bonds, with a rather symmetric heavy halogen and without an appreciable σ hole. (b) For a narrow intermediate range of halogen bonds, the asymmetric electronic situation for the heavy halogen with a pronounced σ hole leads to rather low electron density in the (3,−1) critical point of the halogen bond; the properties of this bond critical point cannot fully describe the nature of the associated interaction. (c) For longer and presumably weaker contacts, the electron density in the halogen bond critical point is only to a minor extent reduced by the presence of the σ hole and hence may be higher than in the aforementioned case. In addition to the electron density and its derived properties, the halogen–carbon bond distance opposite to the σ hole and the Raman frequency for the associated vibration emerge as alternative criteria to gauge the halogen-bond strength. We find exceptionally long C—I distances for tetrafluorodiiodobenzene molecules in cocrystals with short halogen bonds and a significant red shift for their Raman vibrations.

Short is strong: experimental electron density in a very short N···I halogen bond

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 733-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruimin Wang ◽  
Daniel Hartnick ◽  
Ulli Englert
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Halogen Bond ◽  
Bond Critical Point ◽  
Total Energy Density ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Secondary Interaction ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Atoms In Molecules Theory ◽  
Experimental Electron Density

Abstract 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-1,4-diiodobenzene and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine co-crystallize in 1:2 stoichiometry. A diffraction experiment at standard resolution was already conducted in 2010 and revealed one of the shortest N···I contacts ever reported. We collected X-ray intensities at 100 K up to a very high resolution of 1.23 Å−1. These experimental data allowed to refine a structure model based on atom-centered multipoles according to the Hansen-Coppens approach and provided an experimental electron density. A subsequent analysis with the help of Bader’s atoms in molecules theory showed a strong interaction between the pyridine N atom and the σ hole of its closest iodine neighbor on the halogenated benzene. This contact is characterized by a distance of 2.6622(4) Å and associated with a remarkably large electron density of 0.359(5) e⋅Å−3 in the (3, −1) critical point, unprecedented for a secondary interaction. This bona fide shortest halogen bond ever investigated by an experimental charge density study is associated with a significantly negative total energy density in the bond critical point and thus can reliably be classified as strong. Both the electron density and the position of the bond critical point suggest to compare the short N···I contact to coordinative or covalent bonds rather than to σ hole interactions.

Bond length and the electron density at the bond critical point: XX, ZZ, and CZ bonds (X = Li-F, Z = Na-Cl)

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norberto Castillo ◽  
Katherine N. Robertson ◽  
S. C. Choi ◽  
Russell J. Boyd ◽  
Osvald Knop
Keyword(s):  
Bond Length ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Bond Critical Point

Estimating the energy of intramolecular hydrogen bonds from1H NMR and QTAIM calculations

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (47) ◽  
pp. 11199-11211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei V. Afonin ◽  
Alexander V. Vashchenko ◽  
Mark V. Sigalov
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Bond Energy ◽  
Bond Critical Point ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Energy ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Nmr Data ◽  
Intramolecular Hydrogen

Novel equations have been derived for the assessment of the E intramolecular hydrogen bond energy based on the experimental1H NMR data and the calculated QTAIM topologicalVandρparameters of the hydrogen bond critical point.

scholarly journals Hydrogen vs. Halogen Bonds in 1-Halo-Closo-Carboranes

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibon Alkorta ◽  
Jose Elguero ◽  
Josep M. Oliva-Enrich
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Halogen Bond ◽  
Noncovalent Interactions ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Energy Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Bond Critical Point ◽  
Total Energy Density ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Intermolecular Distances

A theoretical study of the hydrogen bond (HB) and halogen bond (XB) complexes between 1-halo-closo-carboranes and hydrogen cyanide (NCH) as HB and XB probe has been carried out at the MP2 computational level. The energy results show that the HB complexes are more stable than the XBs for the same system, with the exception of the isoenergetic iodine derivatives. The analysis of the electron density with the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) shows the presence of a unique intermolecular bond critical point with the typical features of weak noncovalent interactions (small values of the electron density and positive Laplacian and total energy density). The natural energy decomposition analysis (NEDA) of the complexes shows that the HB and XB complexes are dominated by the charge-transfer and polarization terms, respectively. The work has been complemented with a search in the CSD database of analogous complexes and the comparison of the results, with those of the 1-halobenzene:NCH complexes showing smaller binding energies and larger intermolecular distances as compared to the 1-halo-closo-carboranes:NCH complexes.

Experimental observation of charge-shift bond in fluorite CaF2

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Stachowicz ◽  
Maura Malinska ◽  
Jan Parafiniuk ◽  
Krzysztof Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Closed Shell ◽  
Atoms In Molecules ◽  
Bond Critical Point ◽  
Ionic Radii ◽  
Bond Path ◽  
Charge Shift

On the basis of a multipole refinement of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected using an Ag source at 90 K to a resolution of 1.63 Å−1, a quantitative experimental charge density distribution has been obtained for fluorite (CaF2). The atoms-in-molecules integrated experimental charges for Ca2+and F−ions are +1.40 e and −0.70 e, respectively. The derived electron-density distribution, maximum electron-density paths, interaction lines and bond critical points along Ca2+...F−and F−...F−contacts revealed the character of these interactions. The Ca2+...F−interaction is clearly a closed shell and ionic in character. However, the F−...F−interaction has properties associated with the recently recognized type of interaction referred to as `charge-shift' bonding. This conclusion is supported by the topology of the electron localization function and analysis of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules and crystals topological parameters. The Ca2+...F−bonded radii – measured as distances from the centre of the ion to the critical point – are 1.21 Å for the Ca2+cation and 1.15 Å for the F−anion. These values are in a good agreement with the corresponding Shannon ionic radii. The F−...F−bond path and bond critical point is also found in the CaF2crystal structure. According to the quantum theory of atoms in molecules and crystals, this interaction is attractive in character. This is additionally supported by the topology of non-covalent interactions based on the reduced density gradient.

SiO and GeO bonded interactions as inferred from the bond critical point properties of electron density distributions

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 574-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Gibbs ◽  
M. B. Boisen ◽  
F. C. Hill ◽  
O. Tamada ◽  
R. T. Downs
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Bond Critical Point ◽  
Density Distributions

Experimental distribution of electron density in crystals of Ph3Sb(O2CCH=CH–CH=CH–CH3)2 complex: the selection of a reference point for the source function in the absence of a bond critical point between atoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1841-1849
Author(s):  
Georgy K. Fukin ◽  
Evgeny V. Baranov ◽  
Roman V. Rumyantcev ◽  
Anton V. Cherkasov ◽  
Alevtina I. Maleeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Source Function ◽  
Bond Critical Point ◽  
Experimental Distribution ◽  
Selection Of

Comparison of models to correlate electron density at the bond critical point and bond distance

2000 ◽  
Vol 496 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Alkorta ◽  
L. Barrios ◽  
I. Rozas ◽  
J. Elguero
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Bond Distance ◽  
Bond Critical Point ◽  
Correlate Electron
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