scholarly journals Overexpression of thioredoxin‐2 attenuates age‐related muscle loss by suppressing mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huibin Tang ◽  
Michael Kim ◽  
Myung Lee ◽  
Kellie Baumann ◽  
Francesca Olguin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Muscle Loss ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Thioredoxin 2

Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Is Associated With Age-Related Glandular Remodeling And Nasal Polyp Formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. AB203
Author(s):  
Ara Jo ◽  
Thomas B. Casale ◽  
Lydia A. Suh ◽  
Roderick G. Carter ◽  
David B. Conley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nasal Polyp ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress ◽  
Polyp Formation ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Essential Role of Thioredoxin 2 in Mitigating Oxidative Stress in Retinal Epithelial Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eriko Sugano ◽  
Namie Murayama ◽  
Maki Takahashi ◽  
Kitako Tabata ◽  
Makoto Tamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Hsp70 Expression ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Thioredoxin 2

The retina is constantly subjected to oxidative stress, which is countered by potent antioxidative systems present in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Disruption of these systems leads to the development of age-related macular degeneration. Thioredoxin 2 (Trx2) is a potent antioxidant, which acts directly on mitochondria. In the present study, oxidative stress was induced in the human RPE cell line (ARPE-19) using 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) or C2-ceramide. The protective effect of Trx2 against oxidative stress was investigated by assessing cell viability, the kinetics of cell death, mitochondrial metabolic activity, and expression of heat shock proteins (Hsps) in Trx2-overexpressing cell lines generated by transfecting ARPE cells with an adeno-associated virus vector encoding Trx2. We show that overexpression of Trx2 reduced cell death induced by both agents when they were present in low concentrations. Moreover, early after the induction of oxidative stress Trx2 played a key role in the maintenance of the cell viability through upregulation of mitochondrial metabolic activity and inhibition of Hsp70 expression.

scholarly journals Changes in Redox Signaling in the Skeletal Muscle with Aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Szentesi ◽  
László Csernoch ◽  
László Dux ◽  
Anikó Keller-Pintér
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Muscle Loss ◽  
Muscle Stem Cells ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function

Reduction in muscle strength with aging is due to both loss of muscle mass (quantity) and intrinsic force production (quality). Along with decreased functional capacity of the muscle, age-related muscle loss is associated with corresponding comorbidities and healthcare costs. Mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress are the central driving forces for age-related skeletal muscle abnormalities. The increased oxidative stress in the aged muscle can lead to altered excitation-contraction coupling and calcium homeostasis. Furthermore, apoptosis-mediated fiber loss, atrophy of the remaining fibers, dysfunction of the satellite cells (muscle stem cells), and concomitant impaired muscle regeneration are also the consequences of increased oxidative stress, leading to a decrease in muscle mass, strength, and function of the aged muscle. Here we summarize the possible effects of oxidative stress in the aged muscle and the benefits of physical activity and antioxidant therapy.

scholarly journals The Naked Mole Rat: A Unique Example of Positive Oxidative Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Saldmann ◽  
Melanie Viltard ◽  
Christine Leroy ◽  
Gérard Friedlander
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mole Rat ◽  
Naked Mole Rat ◽  
In Captivity

The oxidative stress theory of aging, linking reactive oxygen species (ROS) to aging, has been accepted for more than 60 years, and numerous studies have associated ROS with various age-related diseases. A more precise version of the theory specifies that mitochondrial oxidative stress is a direct cause of aging. The naked mole rat, a unique animal with exceptional longevity (32 years in captivity), appears to be an ideal model to study successful aging and the role of ROS in this process. Several studies in the naked mole rat have shown that these animals exhibit a remarkable resistance to oxidative stress. At low concentrations, ROS serve as second messengers, and these important intracellular signalling functions are crucial for the regulation of cellular processes. In this review, we examine the literature on ROS and their functions as signal transducers. We focus specifically on the longest-lived rodent, the naked mole rat, which is a perfect example of the paradox of living an exceptionally long life with slow aging despite high levels of oxidative damage from a young age.

Age-Related Changes in Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascades by Oxidative Stress

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Z Guyton ◽  
Myriani Gorospe ◽  
Xiantao Wang ◽  
Yolanda D Mock ◽  
Gertrude C Kokkonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Age Related Changes
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