Confidence intervals for predictive values with an emphasis to case–control studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2170-2183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel D. Mercaldo ◽  
Kit F. Lau ◽  
Xiao H. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Predictive Values

scholarly journals Association of rs2910164 Polymorphism in miRNA-146 and rs3746444 Polymorphism in miRNA-499 with Inflammatory Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingjian Wang ◽  
Guixia Pan
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Strength Of Association ◽  
Arthritis Susceptibility

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to explore the association of miRNA-146 and miRNA-499 polymorphisms with inflammatory arthritis. Methods. A systematic search of studies on the association of miRNA-146 and miRNA-499 polymorphisms with inflammatory arthritis susceptibility was conducted in PubMed, Web of science, Elsevier ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library. Eventually, 18 published studies were included. The strength of association between miRNA-146/499 polymorphisms and inflammatory arthritis susceptibility was assessed by odds ratios (ORs) with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results. A total of 18 case-control studies, consisting of 3385 inflammatory arthritis patients and 4584 controls, were included in the meta-analysis. This meta-analysis showed significant association between miRNA-499 rs3746444 polymorphism and inflammatory arthritis susceptibility in overall population (C vs T, OR: 1.422, 95% CI= 1.159-1.745, P=0.001). Similar results were found in subgroup analysis by region. But we did not find association between miRNA-146 rs2910164 polymorphism and inflammatory arthritis susceptibility in overall population (C vs T, OR: 1.061, 95% CI= 0.933-1.207, P=0.365). Conclusions. The present study indicates that miRNA-499 rs3746444 polymorphism is associated with inflammatory arthritis susceptibility. However, there is lack of association between miRNA-146 rs2910164 polymorphism and inflammatory arthritis susceptibility. But, we also find miRNA-146 rs2910164 and miRNA-499 rs3746444 polymorphism are associated with inflammatory arthritis in Middle East. Therefore, more large-scale studies are warranted to replicate our findings.

scholarly journals IL-6 gene rs1800795 polymorphism and diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive analysis involving 39099 participants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Chunmin ◽  
Zhiying Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Definite Evidence ◽  
The Past

Abstract Background Over the past two decades, many studies concentrated the association between a common polymorphism ( rs1800795 ) from interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) risk have been published, however, the results remain ambiguous and indefinite.Methods In current, we performed a comprehensive analysis to explore above relationship. A search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Chinese (CNKI and Wanfang) databases, covering all papers published until Sep 20, 2019. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was applied to evaluate the strength of this association. Publication bias was assessed with both Begg and Egger’s tests.Results Overall, 26 case-control studies with 5973 T2DM patients and 13968 controls, and 11 case-control studies (10193 T1DM patients and 8965 health controls) were included for analysis in our study. Finally, significant decreased association was observed between the rs1800795 polymorphism and T2DM risk in overall sample, Asians and hospital-based subgroup (for example: C-allele vs. G-allele: OR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.53-0.81, P < 0.05), however, increased associations were found from Mixed population and hospital-based subgroup between rs1800795 polymorphism and T1DM susceptibility (for example: CC vs. GG: OR = 2.45, 95%CI = 1.18-5.07, P = 0.016 for Mixed individuals).Conclusions In summary, there had a definite evidence to confirm that IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphism was associated with susceptibility of decreased T2DM and increased T1DM.

scholarly journals Mushroom Consumption Is Associated with Low Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observation Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 307-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djibril Ba ◽  
Paddy Ssentongo ◽  
Robert Beelman ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
John Richie
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Objectives The potential health benefits associated with mushroom consumption, including reductions in risk of cancer have gained recent research attention. We thus conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between mushrooms intake and risk of cancer at any site. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to identify relevant studies on mushrooms intake and cancer published from January 1, 1966 to October 1, 2019.  Observational studies with relative risks (RRs) or hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cancer risk for two or more categories of mushroom intake were eligible for the present studies.  Random-effects models were used to pool study results and to assess dose-response relationships between mushroom consumption and the risk of cancer. Results There were 17 studies (6 cohort and 11 case-control studies) for a total of 20,797 cancer cases. Mushroom consumption was associated with lower risk of cancer – the pooled RR was 0.66 (95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 0.55–0.78) for the highest vs lowest mushroom intakes groups. There was substantial heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 77%; p for heterogeneity &lt; 0.01). Mushroom consumption was associated with lower risk of cancer in cohort studies (RR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82–0.99; n = 6)  and case-control studies (RR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.41–0.66; n = 11). Subgroup analysis showed that the significant mushroom cancer association was only observed in studies from non-western regions (RR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.47–0.71, p = 0.02; n = 14). Mushroom  consumption was associated with low risk of  breast cancer (RR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.52–0.81) compared to non-breast cancer. Dose-response analysis suggested that 10 g/day increase in mushroom intakes was associated with a 17% lower risk of cancer (RR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73–0.96, P-trend = 0.01). Conclusions The current meta-analysis showed a significant inverse association between greater mushroom consumption and low risk of cancer. In particular, breast cancer appeared to be the most affected site as significant association with mushroom intake were only observed for cancers at this site. Large prospective studies, ideally randomized  controlled trials, are needed to investigate the association between mushrooms intake and risk of cancer. Funding Sources There was no external or internal funding to support this study.

Estimating average attributable fractions with confidence intervals for cohort and case–control studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1141-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ferguson ◽  
Alberto Alvarez-Iglesias ◽  
John Newell ◽  
John Hinde ◽  
Martin O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
R Package ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Sample Average ◽  
Attributable Fractions ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

Chronic diseases tend to depend on a large number of risk factors, both environmental and genetic. Average attributable fractions were introduced by Eide and Gefeller as a way of partitioning overall disease burden into contributions from individual risk factors; this may be useful in deciding which risk factors to target in disease interventions. Here, we introduce new estimation methods for average attributable fractions that are appropriate for both case–control designs and prospective studies. Confidence intervals, derived using Monte Carlo simulation, are also described. Finally, we introduce a novel approximation for the sample average attributable fraction that will ensure a computationally tractable approach when the number of risk factors is large. An R package, [Formula: see text], implementing the methods described in this manuscript can be downloaded from the CRAN repository.

scholarly journals Quantitative assessment of the association of polymorphisms in the metallothionein 2A gene with cancer risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052094793
Author(s):  
Jianguo Wang ◽  
Pinghua Huang ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Wei Ren ◽  
Ling Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Genetic Biomarkers ◽  
Eligible Case

Objective The aim of the study was to quantitatively assess the association of metallothionein 2A ( MT2A) polymorphisms rs28366003 and rs1610216 with cancer risk. Methods Crude odd ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate associations of the polymorphisms with cancer risk. Results Six eligible case-control studies with 1899 cases and 2437 controls focused on rs28366003, and three of those six studies, with 548 cases and 926 controls, additionally focused on rs1610216. Pooled analysis showed that MT2A rs28366003 and rs1610216 were associated with cancer risk: (AG + GG) vs. AA, OR = 2.67; GG vs. (AG + AA), OR = 5.97; GG vs. AA, OR = 6.80; AG vs. AA, OR = 2.46; G vs. A, OR = 2.67 for rs28366003; and CC vs. (TC+TT), OR = 2.51; CC vs. TT, OR = 2.42 for rs1610216. Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity showed a significant association of rs28366003 with cancer risk in Asian and Caucasian populations. However, a significant association of rs1610216 with cancer risk was found only in the Asian population. Conclusion MT2A rs28366003 and rs1610216 polymorphisms were associated with cancer risk and might serve as genetic biomarkers for predicting cancer risk. However, larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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