Regional bias in birth defect prevalence rates for Arkansas: Influence of incomplete ascertainment along surveillance system borders

The Victorian Birth Defects Register (VBDR) is a population-based surveillance system with a primary function of monitoring trends in birth defects. This paper outlines the processes undertaken in Victoria, Australia, to obtain population prevalence rates of birth defects and investigates the effect on the prevalence rates of variations in collection and processing tasks. It includes all birth defects that were notified to the VBDR by 31 December 2004. The overall prevalence rate of birth defects in Victoria for 2003 was 4.0%, with an overall accuracy rate of 88%. However, this proportion varied according to what birth defects were included, the age by which birth defects were diagnosed, changes to sources of ascertainment, inclusion of terminations of pregnancy, or reporting by cases rate (infants affected) or birth defect rate (individual birth defects). Taking all of these factors into consideration, we are confident that 4.0% is an accurate population prevalence rate of birth defects in Victoria for 2003.

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Epidemiology of Birth Defects Based on a Birth Defect Surveillance System from 2005 to 2014 in Hunan Province, China

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0147280 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. e0147280 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Donghua Xie ◽

Tubao Yang ◽

Zhiyu Liu ◽

Hua Wang

Keyword(s):

Birth Defects ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Birth Defect ◽

Hunan Province

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Injury incidence within male elite New Zealand cricket from the early T20 era: 2009–2015

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001168 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. e001168

Author(s):

Timofei Dovbysh ◽

Duncan Reid ◽

Dayle Shackel

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Lumbar Spine ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Injury Surveillance ◽

Injury Incidence ◽

International Level ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

International Consensus ◽

Injury Surveillance System

ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the injury epidemiology of domestic and international level male New Zealand cricketers from seasons 2009–2010 to 2014–2015 across all match formats given the increasing popularity of T20 cricket.MethodsMatch exposure and injury surveillance data collected prospectively by New Zealand Cricket was analysed using international consensus recommendations for injury surveillance and reporting in cricket. Relationships between playing level, role and injury were statistically analysed.ResultsA total of 268 elite male New Zealand cricketers from seasons 2009–2010 to 2014–2015 were analysed from the New Zealand Cricket injury surveillance system. Total new match injury incidence rates were 37.0 and 58.0 injuries per 10 000 player hours in domestic and international cricket, respectively. Total new and recurrent match injury incidence in international cricket was approximately 1.7 times higher than domestic cricket (277.6 vs 162.8 injuries per 1000 player days). Injury prevalence rates were 7.6% and 10.0% in domestic and international cricket. The hamstring (8.2%) in domestic cricket and the groin (13.5%) in international cricket were the most injured body sites. Most match days lost in domestic cricket were to the lumbar spine (417 days), and groin in international cricket (152 days). There were statistically significant differences in injury between domestic and international level cricketers (χ2=4.39, p=0.036), and playing role (χ2=42.29, p<0.0001).ConclusionsTotal injury incidence rates in elite New Zealand cricket increased in 2009–2015 compared with previous data. International-level players and pace bowlers were the most injured individuals.

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