Simulation Inquisition of Noise Dissolving Algorithm Hinge on TTSD filter for RIIN Situation

This primary aim of this philosopher paper investigates the efficacy of the noise dissolving algorithm hinge on TTSD (Triple Threshold Statistical Detection) filter that has been originated since 2018 is one of the highest efficacy for dissolving RIIN (Random-Intensity Impulse Noise), exclusively at dense distribution. As a results, there are three essential contributions: the exhaustive explanation of the TTSD filter algorithm and its computation examples, the calculation simulation of noise apprehension correctness and overall comparative simulation of noise dissolving effectiveness. For TTSD filter, three malleable offsets that are the complementary requirement are employed in the TTSD filter that can adequately resolve the limitation of the antecedent noise dissolving algorithms. The first malleable offset is calculated for determining the noise characteristic of all elements by using the mathematical verification. Next, the second malleable offset is calculated for determining the another noise characteristic by using the normal distribution mathematical verification (the average value and standard deviation value). Later, the third malleable offset is calculated for determining the another noise characteristic by using the quartile mathematical verification (median value). In the simulation inquisition, the bountiful standard portraits that are desecrated by RIIN (Random Intensity Impulse Noise) with many dense distributions are experimented by noise dissolving algorithm hinge on TTSD in both noise segregation and noise dissolving perspective.

The novel noise classification techniques found on quadruple threshold statistical detection filter under fix intensity impulse outlier environment

Because of the enormous necessity of contemporary noise suppressing algorithms, this article proposes the novel noise classification technique found on QTSD filter improved from the TTSD filter. The four thresholds for each auxiliary situations are incorporated into the proposed QTSD framework for dealing with the limitation of the earlier noise classification technique. The mathematical pattern is modeled by each photograph elements and is investigated in contradiction to the 1st threshold for analyzing whether it is non-noise or noise photograph elements. Subsequently, the calculated photograph element is analyzed with the contradiction between the 2nd threshold, which is modeled by using the normal distribution (mean and variance), and is analyzed with the contradiction between the 3rd threshold, which is modeled by using the quartile distribution (median). Finally, the calculated photograph element is investigated in contradiction to the 4th threshold, which is modeled from maximum or minimum value for analyzing whether it is non-noise or noise photograph elements FIIN. For performance evaluation, extensive noisy photographs are made up of nine photographs under FIIN environment distribution, which are synthesized for investigating the proposed noise classification techniques found on QTSD filter in the objective indicators (noise classification, non-noise classification and overall classification correctness). From these results, the proposed noise classification technique can outstandingly produce the higher correctness than the earlier noise classification techniques.

FUNCTIONS OF ANTHROPONYMS IN THE COLLECTION OF MYKOLA BILOKOPYTOV «AND ETERNAL TIME PASSES SLOWLY…»

Purpose. The purpose of the research is to analyze the functions of stylistically marked artistic anthroponyms in the satirical and funny works written by M.Bilokopytov (on the material of the collection “And Eternal Time passes slowly...”).Methods. The method of purposeful sampling (collection of actual material for analysis), descriptive (analysis of collected material), method of systematization and classification (division of anthroponyms into groups), statistical (detection of quantitative ratios of proper names in works), and contextual analysis were used to establish functional specificity of anthroponyms.Results. The article examines the pragmatics of anthroponyms in the satirical and funny works written by M.Bilokopytov. We studied the author's peculiar way to use anthroponyms, their variability, frequency, and functions. Both satirical and funny proper names are classified according to their functions, so we were able to distinguish stylistically neutral anthroponyms from stylistically marked artistic ones. The stylistically neutral anthroponyms are represented by the following groups: proper names related to the depicted epoch; first and last names; first names and patronymics; fist name, patronymic and last name; proper names of famous real people. Among the stylistically marked artistic anthroponyms, we can distinguish evaluative-characteristic names and precedent proper ones. We admit that M.Bilokopytov selected quite skillfully anthroponyms in his satirical and funny works showing his sound individual and authorial ingenuity. It is worth paying attention to the proper names in the author’s scope, to be borrowed from the real anthroponymicon. Such anthroponyms refer to specific people around the writer, his personal acquaintances and friends.Conclusions. Thus, the inexhaustible source of the comic in the satirical and funny works written by M.Bilokopytov are precisely the stylistically marked artistic anthroponyms. Most of the names of the characters are expressive and are used by the author as evaluative-characteristic names. They help to characterize the hero, point out his special features.Key words: emotional coloring, stylistically marked artistic anthroponyms, pragmatic potential, satirical and funny works, function. Мета. Метою розвідки є аналіз функційного навантаження літературно-художніх антропонімів сатирично-гумористичних творів М.Білокопитова (на матеріалі збірки «А Вічний Час непоспіхом тече...»).Методи. У роботі використані метод цілеспрямованої вибірки (збирання фактичного матеріалу для аналізу), описовий (аналіз зібраного матеріалу), метод систематизації та класифікації (поділ антропонімів на групи), статистичний (виявлення кількісних співвідношень власних імен у творах), а також застосовано контекстуальний аналіз для встановлення функціональної специфіки антропонімів.Результати. У статті досліджено функційне навантаження антропонімів в сатирично-гумористичних творах М.Білокопитова. Визначено авторські особливості вживання антропонімів, їх варіативність, частотність та функціональне навантаження. Сатирично-гумористичні власні імена класифіковано відповідно до їх функцій, тому було виділено стилістично-нейтральні та стилістично-марковані літературно-художні антропоніми. Зазначено, що стилістично-нейтральні антропоні-ми представлені такими групами: власні імена, що відповідають зображуваній епосі; імена та прізвища; імена та по батькові; прізвища + імена + імена по батькові; власні імена відомих реальних людей. Серед стилістично-маркованих антропонімів виділено оцінювально-характеризувальні та прецедентні власні імена. Антропоніми у сатирично-гумористичних творах М.Білокопитова дібрані досить майстерно, адже для цього потрібна неабияка індивідуально-авторська винахідливість. Варто звернути увагу на власні імена у спадщині письменника, що запозичені автором із реального антропонімікону. Такі антропоніми називають конкретних людей з оточення письменника, його особистих знайомих та друзів.Висновки. Отже, невичерпним джерелом комічного в сатирично-гумористичних текстах М.Білокопитова є саме літературно-художні антропоніми. Більшість імен персонажів експресивні і використовуються автором як оцінювально-характери-зувальні. Вони допомагають схарактеризувати героя, вказують на його особливі риси.Ключові слова: емоційне забарвлення, літературно-художні антропоніми, прагматичний потенціал, сатирично-гуморис-тичні твори, функціональне навантаження.

PathFams: statistical detection of pathogen-associated protein domains

Background A substantial fraction of genes identified within bacterial genomes encode proteins of unknown function. Identifying which of these proteins represent potential virulence factors, and mapping their key virulence determinants, is a challenging but important goal. Results To facilitate virulence factor discovery, we performed a comprehensive analysis of 17,929 protein domain families within the Pfam database, and scored them based on their overrepresentation in pathogenic versus non-pathogenic species, taxonomic distribution, relative abundance in metagenomic datasets, and other factors. Conclusions We identify pathogen-associated domain families, candidate virulence factors in the human gut, and eukaryotic-like mimicry domains with likely roles in virulence. Furthermore, we provide an interactive database called PathFams to allow users to explore pathogen-associated domains as well as identify pathogen-associated domains and domain architectures in user-uploaded sequences of interest. PathFams is freely available at https://pathfams.uwaterloo.ca.

Average semivariance yields accurate estimates of the fraction of marker-associated genetic variance and heritability in complex trait analyses

The development of genome-informed methods for identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) and studying the genetic basis of quantitative variation in natural and experimental populations has been driven by advances in high-throughput genotyping. For many complex traits, the underlying genetic variation is caused by the segregation of one or more ‘large-effect’ loci, in addition to an unknown number of loci with effects below the threshold of statistical detection. The large-effect loci segregating in populations are often necessary but not sufficient for predicting quantitative phenotypes. They are, nevertheless, important enough to warrant deeper study and direct modelling in genomic prediction problems. We explored the accuracy of statistical methods for estimating the fraction of marker-associated genetic variance (p) and heritability (H M 2) for large-effect loci underlying complex phenotypes. We found that commonly used statistical methods overestimate p and H M 2. The source of the upward bias was traced to inequalities between the expected values of variance components in the numerators and denominators of these parameters. Algebraic solutions for bias-correcting estimates of p and H M 2 were found that only depend on the degrees of freedom and are constant for a given study design. We discovered that average semivariance methods, which have heretofore not been used in complex trait analyses, yielded unbiased estimates of p and H M 2, in addition to best linear unbiased predictors of the additive and dominance effects of the underlying loci. The cryptic bias problem described here is unrelated to selection bias, although both cause the overestimation of p and H M 2. The solutions we described are predicted to more accurately describe the contributions of large-effect loci to the genetic variation underlying complex traits of medical, biological, and agricultural importance.

fMRI-based detection of alertness predicts behavioral response variability

Levels of alertness are closely linked with human behavior and cognition. However, while functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows for investigating whole-brain dynamics during behavior and task engagement, concurrent measures of alertness (such as EEG or pupillometry) are often unavailable. Here, we extract a continuous, time-resolved marker of alertness from fMRI data alone. We demonstrate that this fMRI alertness marker, calculated in a short pre-stimulus interval, captures trial-to-trial behavioral responses to incoming sensory stimuli. In addition, we find that the prediction of both EEG and behavioral responses during the task may be accomplished using only a small fraction of fMRI voxels. Furthermore, we observe that accounting for alertness appears to increase the statistical detection of task-activated brain areas. These findings have broad implications for augmenting a large body of existing datasets with information about ongoing arousal states, enriching fMRI studies of neural variability in health and disease.