scholarly journals Routine ultrasound examination in early pregnancy: is it worthwhile in low-income countries?

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Hofmeyr
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Low Income Countries

scholarly journals Reducing early pregnancy in low-income countries: A literature review and new evidence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Ivar Oppedal Berge ◽  
Kjetil Bjorvtn ◽  
Amina Mohamed Maalim ◽  
Vincent Somville ◽  
Bertil Tungodden
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
New Evidence

Reducing Early Pregnancy in Low-Income Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Ivar Oppedal Berge ◽  
Kjetil Bjorvatn ◽  
Amina Mohamed Maalim ◽  
Vincent Somville ◽  
Bertil Tungodden
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Educational Programmes

Many adolescent girls in low-income countries face the challenge of early pregnancy and lifelong dependence upon family and partners. In this chapter, we review the literature on field interventions aimed at reducing early pregnancies in low-income countries, classifying the contributions into those targeting girls’ mindset (preferences and beliefs) and economic opportunities. We also report from an analysis of more than 3,000 essays written by adolescent girls in Tanzania about their hopes for the future. Our literature review and text analysis suggest that interventions that aim at strengthening economic opportunities, such as entrepreneurship programmes or incentives to increase school attendance, are more effective in reducing early pregnancy than those that only target the mindset dimension, such as educational programmes on reproductive health and family planning.

Three Cases of Joubert Syndrome in a Consanguineous Syrian Family and a Interesting Case of Multinational Collaboration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davor Petrović ◽  
Vida Čulić ◽  
Zofia Swinderek-Alsayed
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Joubert Syndrome ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Ocular Motor ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
Quality Health ◽  
Motor Apraxia

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) is a rare congenital, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a distinctive brain malformation, developmental delay, ocular motor apraxia, breathing abnormalities, and high clinical and genetic heterogeneity. We are reporting three siblings with JS from consanguineous parents in Syria. Two of them had the same homozygous c.2172delA (p.Trp725Glyfs*) AHI1 mutation and the third was diagnosed prenatally with magnetic resonance imaging. This pathogenic variant is very rare and described in only a few cases in the literature. Multinational collaboration could be of benefit for the patients from undeveloped, low-income countries that have a low-quality health care system, especially for the diagnosis of rare diseases.

Reviewing the Development of Rural Finance in Vietnam

2013 ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Duong Pham Bao
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Rural Finance ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Rural Organizations ◽  
Doi Moi

The objective of this article is to review the development of the rural financial system in Vietnam in recent years, especially, after Doi moi. There are two opposite schools of thought in the literature on rural credit policies in developing countries. One is the conventional supply-side (government-led) approach while the other is called “a new paradigm” that emphasizes the importance of the viability of financial providers and the well functioning of rural credit markets. Conventional theories of rural finance contend that rural finance in low-income countries is generally accompanied by many failures. Contrary to these theories, rural finance in Vietnam does not encounter the above-mentioned failures so far. Up to the present time, it is progressing well. Using a supply-side approach, methodologically, this study reviews the development of the rural financial system in Vietnam. The significance of this study is to challenge the extreme view of dichotomizing between the old and the new credit paradigms. Analysis in this study contends that a rural financial market that, (1) is initiated and spurred by government; (2) operates principally under market mechanisms; and (3) is strongly supported by rural organizations (semi-formal/informal institutions) can progress stably and well. Therefore, the extremely dichotomizing approach must be avoided.

Abdominal Textiloma Mimicking as Left Colic Tumour: A Postoperative Complication Still Common in Low-Income Countries

EMJ Radiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Fistula Formation ◽  
Emergency Laparotomy ◽  
Intermittent Fever ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Surgical Safety ◽  
Surgical Teams ◽  
Safety Rules

Retained foreign bodies have become very rare in countries where the safety rules in the operating theatre are very rigorous and follow precise guidelines. There are low-income countries where hospital structures are precarious, in which the implementation of surgical safety rules has only been effective recently. Surgical teams in these countries are not yet well trained in the observance of the guidelines concerning swab count, meaning that textilomas are not uncommon. Abdominal textiloma may be asymptomatic, or present serious gastrointestinal complications such as bowel obstruction, perforation, or fistula formation because of misdiagnosis. It may mimic abscess formation in the early stage or soft tissue masses in the chronic stage. This case report presents a 27-year-old female who underwent an emergency laparotomy in a rural surgical centre for an ectopic pregnancy. Two months later, a swelling had appeared on the left side of her abdomen, gradually increasing in size, which was not very painful but caused digestive discomfort and asthenia. Intermittent fever was described and treated with antibiotics. The patient was referred to a better equipped centre to benefit from a CT scan. A textiloma was strongly suspected on the CT but a left colic mass was not excluded. Laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis of textiloma and the postoperative course was uneventful. Prevention rules must be strengthened in these countries where patients can hardly bear the costs of iterative surgeries for complications that are avoidable.

Assessment of knowledge and practice of vaccination of dogs against rabies by dog owners in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Audu Onyemocho ◽  
Agwa Moses ◽  
Aboh Kisani ◽  
Omole Namben Victoria ◽  
Anejo-Okopi Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Rabies, one of the oldest and fatal infectious diseases known to human race, is transmitted by infected dogs. The global target of zero dog-mediated rabies human deaths has been set for 2030; however, the realization of this goal poses challenges in most low-income countries where rabies is endemic due to weak surveillance. Dogs have been increasingly deployed for domestic uses over the years, especially for security purposes. This study assessed the assessment of knowledge and practice of vaccination of dogs against rabies by dog owners. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was employed to study 400 dog owners in Makurdi metropolis through multistage sampling techniques. Sighting of valid dog vaccination card was used as criteria for current vaccination. Bivariate analysis was carried out to establish the relationship between the respondent knowledge of rabies and dog vaccination with significant value set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 31 (Â ± 0.8) years, majority of them had tertiary and secondary education (40.0% and 39.0%, respectively), 26.0% were traders, and 50.0% were married. Overall, 73.0% of the respondents had good knowledge score, 61.0% had seen at least a rabid dog in their life time, and 74.0% have a history of dog vaccination, but evidence of up to date vaccination of dogs by owners was seen in only 18.0% of all the vaccination cards sighted. The relationship between the educational status of the respondents, their knowledge score, and their dog vaccination was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Knowledge of rabies among dog owners in Makurdi was good, but the practice of dog vaccination was poor. Educational status was a good predictor of practice. Awareness campaign on dog vaccination should be strengthened and adequate measures should be put in place at the veterinary hospitals in Makurdi for vaccination of dogs.

“The black box” of nonviable pregnancy in early gestation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Å.S. Emelyanenko , A.Yu. Blinov , T.M. Volkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Safety Regulation ◽  
Intrauterine Pregnancy ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Prognostic Criteria

The modern sonographic approach to define miscarriage in early pregnancy was shown in the article. Ultrasound diagnostic and prognostic criteria of nonviable pregnancy in early gestation were introduced. Special attention was paid to the examination`s algorithm and repeatability of ultrasound scans with suspicion of intrauterine pregnancy of uncertain viability. Also the consequences of non-following the stringent ultrasound criteria, which lead to the abortions of potentially normal pregnancies were described. Furthermore, the authors highlighted the importance of safety regulation`s aspects in ultrasound examination in early gestation. The conclusion of the importance and need in following the uniform methodological criteria in diagnostics of nonviable pregnancy has been drawn according to the analysis of world experience.

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