Reducing Early Pregnancy in Low-Income Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Ivar Oppedal Berge ◽  
Kjetil Bjorvatn ◽  
Amina Mohamed Maalim ◽  
Vincent Somville ◽  
Bertil Tungodden
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Educational Programmes

Many adolescent girls in low-income countries face the challenge of early pregnancy and lifelong dependence upon family and partners. In this chapter, we review the literature on field interventions aimed at reducing early pregnancies in low-income countries, classifying the contributions into those targeting girls’ mindset (preferences and beliefs) and economic opportunities. We also report from an analysis of more than 3,000 essays written by adolescent girls in Tanzania about their hopes for the future. Our literature review and text analysis suggest that interventions that aim at strengthening economic opportunities, such as entrepreneurship programmes or incentives to increase school attendance, are more effective in reducing early pregnancy than those that only target the mindset dimension, such as educational programmes on reproductive health and family planning.

scholarly journals Reducing early pregnancy in low-income countries: A literature review and new evidence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Ivar Oppedal Berge ◽  
Kjetil Bjorvtn ◽  
Amina Mohamed Maalim ◽  
Vincent Somville ◽  
Bertil Tungodden
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
New Evidence

scholarly journals Implementation of Adolescent and Youth Friendly Health Services in a Rural Region of Tigray, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Cigliano ◽  
H Gebremichael ◽  
K Teklay ◽  
B Ayele ◽  
D Negash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Youth Friendly

Abstract Background The Eastern Zone of the Tigray (Ethiopia) is inhabited by 900,000 people, 34% of whom are adolescents and young people between 10-24 years of age, who are easily influenced by the social and family context and are exposed to significant health risks associated with the earliness of their approach to sexual life. Nonetheless, even if a complete health service is available, the quality is often undermined by the lack of the so-called Youth-Friendly Corners (high confidentiality spaces reserved for young people), promoted internationally by WHO. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the program established in this zone by the Medical Collaboration Committee regarding the creation of friendly health services for adolescent and youth people (AYFHS), especially built for sex education, family planning, abortion, and sexual transmitted infection (STI) prevention. Methods The program “#Youths at the centre!” was implemented in 20 rural health centers in the North-East Tigray on April 2018. Data from these AYFHS were collected monthly in aggregated indicators, separated for gender and age class. Use of AYFHS during 2018 and 2019 was assessed using percentage and 95% confidence interval and the period of implementation of the project and centers' characteristics were analyzed to investigate differences in AYFHS utilization. Results A monthly mean of 6.04% (6.01% - 6.08%) of adolescents and young people utilized an AYHFS for any of its service; 0.03% accessed for counseling, diagnosis, and treatment of STI, 1.31% for family planning, 1.09% for delivery, and 0.05% for legal abortion. Lower level of utilization was observed in more remote health centers, despite a general increase across the study period. Conclusions This project shows the importance of providing friendly facilities dedicated to adolescents and youth in low-income countries, in order to increment the utilization of health services from this population, especially in rural contexts. Key messages In rural areas of Africa the risks associated with poor health information of young people and the earliness of the beginning of sexual life remain a Public Health problem. In low income countries the presence of high confidentially spaces for young people in the Health Services could increase their utilization, especially for sex education and family planning.

Overcoming Barriers and Ensuring Access to HPV Vaccines in Low-Income Countries

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 401-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien Davis Tsu
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Screening Services

AbstractThe inequitable burden of cervical cancer falls on women in poorer countries, due primarily to a disparity in access to screening services. To ensure that access to the new human papillomavirus (“HPV”) vaccines is not similarly skewed toward higher-income populations, it is important to understand the appropriate priority group for receiving vaccines, the potential barriers to reaching that group, and the options for overcoming those barriers. Based on vaccine efficacy data, the likelihood of achieving high coverage with various groups, and the resultant cost-effectiveness ratios, it is widely agreed that young adolescent girls should be the primary recipients. Potential barriers include the fact that young adolescents are not currently reached by many health services; that there might be stigma attached to a vaccine for a sexually transmitted infection; that financing for the vaccine must be allocated; and that there is limited political commitment to women's health, to cancer prevention, or to this particular vaccine when so many other new vaccines are also becoming available. Despite these very real challenges, there is reason to be cautiously optimistic that those most in need of an HPV vaccine can receive it in programs that are affordable, effective, and acceptable to girls, their families, and their societies.

scholarly journals Review Literatur: Analisis Determinan Sosio Demografi Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita di Berbagai Negara Berkembang

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Rachma Purwanti ◽  
Desi Nurfita
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Number Of Children

UNICEF reported that in 2014 as many as 2/3 of the number of children aged less than five years in low income countries experienced stunting. Stunting is a predictor of the poor quality of human resources and decreasing the productivity of mation in the future. This literature review aims to analyse sociodemographic determinants of the incidence of stunting in children in various developing countries. The design of this study is a literature review with a systematic review method. Articles are traced using several search enginse. The Google Database is the main source in this literature review. The inclusion criteria of the selected articles include: 1) journal/scientific report, 2) presentation in English, 3) Published last 10 years (2008 – 2018), 4) articles using research subject are children <60 months old, and, 5) articles with design correlation research There was a positive relationship between recidence and the incidence of stunting (p<0,0001; p<0,05; p<0,01; p<0,0001). There is a negative relationships between family economic status and the incidence of stunting (p<0,0001; p<0,001; p<0,001), the education level of mothers with the incidence of stunting (p<0,0001; p<0,0001; p<0,0001; p<0,01; p<0,01; p<0,01; and p<0,01), father’s education level with the incidence of stunting (p<0,0001 dan p<0,01). There is a relationship between birth order of children, living with grandmother and polygamy with the incidence of stunting (p<0,01; p<0,01, p<0,001). Socio demographic determinants of stunting events include: 1. residence (rural/urban), 2. Family economic status, 3. Parental education, and 4. Contact with other culture , including the birth order, living with grandparents and polygamy. Keywords: determinant; socio demographic; under five years; stunting; developing countries Abstrak UNICEF melaporkan sebanyak 2/3 dari jumlah anak usia kurang dari 5 tahun di negara berpenghasilan menengah ke bawah mengalami stunting pada tahun 2014. Stunting merupakan prediktor buruknya kualitas sumber daya manusia dan menurunkan produktivitas suatu bangsa di masa yang akan datang. Literatur Review ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan sosio-demografi kejadian stunting pada balita di berbagai negara berkembang. Desain penelitian ini adalah literature review dengan metode sistematik review. Artikel-artikel ditelusuri menggunakan beberapa search engine. Database google menjadi sumber utama dalam literature review ini. Kriteria inklusi dari artikel yang dipilih antara lain : 1) jurnal/laporan ilmiah, 2) Disajikan dalam bahasa inggris, 3) Terbit 10 tahun terakhir (tahun 2008 sampai tahun 2018), 4) Artikel menggunakan subjek penelitian adalah anak usia <60 bulan, dan 5) Artikel dengan desain correlation research. Ada hubungan positif tempat tinggal dengan kejadian stunting (p<0,0001; p<0,05; p<0,01; p<0,0001). Ada hubungan negatif status ekonomi keluarga dengan kejadian stunting (p<0,0001; p<0,001; p<0,001), tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan kejadian stunting (p<0,0001; p<0,0001; p<0,0001; p<0,01; p<0,01; p<0,01; dan p<0,01), dan tingkat pendidikan ayah dengan kejadian stunting (p<0,0001 dan p<0,01). Ada hubungan urutan kelahiran anak, tinggal bersama nenek, dan poligami dengan kejadian stunting (p<0,01; p<0,01, dan p<0,001). Determinan sosio demografi kejadian stunting meliputi: 1. Tempat tinggal (rural/urban), 2. Status ekonomi keluarga, 3. Tingkat pendidikan orang tua (ayah dan ibu), dan 4. Kontak dengan budaya lain, meliputi urutan kelahiran anak, tinggal bersama kakek/nenek, dan adanya poligami. Kata kunci: determinan; sosio demografi; balita; stunting; negara berkembang

scholarly journals Unravelling adolescent girls’ aspirations in Nepal: Status and associations with individual-, household-, and community-level characteristics

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0258416
Author(s):  
Dónya S. Madjdian ◽  
Kenda Cunningham ◽  
Hilde Bras ◽  
Maria Koelen ◽  
Lenneke Vaandrager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Low Income ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Community Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Individual Household

Background Adolescents’ aspirations have potential to influence their present and future well-being. Limited knowledge exists on adolescent girls’ aspirations and their determinants, particularly in low-income contexts. Methods and findings Using cross-sectional data, collected in 2018 in Nepal, within the Suaahara II Adolescent Panel Survey, (n = 840), adolescent girls’ aspirations in several domains—education, occupation, marriage, fertility, health, and nutrition–were described. Regression models were estimated to explore associations between individual, household and community characteristics and these aspirations for all adolescents and separately for younger (10–14 years) and older (15–19 years) girls. Age, school attendance, and self-efficacy, as well as household wealth, caste/ethnicity, size, and agro-ecological zone of residence were significantly associated with aspirations, although effect sizes and significance varied by aspiration domain and age group. Conclusions Findings underscore the curtailing effect of poverty on aspirations and the dynamic nature of aspirations. Initiatives to foster girls’ aspirations must address both individual and contextual factors.

scholarly journals Postpartum contraceptive use and unmet need for family planning in five low-income countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omrana Pasha ◽  
Shivaprasad S Goudar ◽  
Archana Patel ◽  
Ana Garces ◽  
Fabian Esamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Low Income Countries

scholarly journals School food, politics and child health

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1012-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald AP Bundy ◽  
Lesley J Drake ◽  
Carmen Burbano
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Local Market ◽  
School Feeding ◽  
Feeding Costs ◽  
Per Capita

AbstractObjectiveAn analysis undertaken jointly in 2009 by the UN World Food Programme, The Partnership for Child Development and the World Bank was published as Rethinking School Feeding to provide guidance on how to develop and implement effective school feeding programmes as a productive safety net and as part of the efforts to achieve Education for All. The present paper reflects on how understanding of school feeding has changed since that analysis.DesignData on school feeding programme outcomes were collected through a literature review. Regression models were used to analyse relationships between school feeding costs (from data that were collected), the per capita costs of primary education and Gross Domestic Product per capita. Data on the transition to national ownership, supply chains and country examples were collected through country case studies.ResultsSchool feeding programmes increase school attendance, cognition and educational achievement, as well as provide a transfer of resources to households with possible benefits to local agricultural production and local market development. Low-income countries exhibit large variations in school feeding costs, with concomitant opportunities for cost containment. Countries are increasingly looking to transition from externally supported projects to national programmes.ConclusionsSchool feeding is now clearly evident as a major social programme in most countries with a global turnover in excess of $US 100 billion. This argues for a continuing focus on the evidence base with a view to helping countries ensure that their programmes are as cost-effective as possible. Clear policy advice has never been more important.

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