scholarly journals Specification of the somatic musculature in Drosophila

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista C. Dobi ◽  
Victoria K. Schulman ◽  
Mary K. Baylies
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Musculature

scholarly journals The Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Is Nested in the outspread Locus of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 897-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
S McNabb ◽  
S Greig ◽  
T Davis
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Transcription Unit ◽  
Adjacent Gene ◽  
Dehydrogenase Gene ◽  
Chromosomal Breakpoints ◽  
Splicing Patterns ◽  
Somatic Musculature

Abstract This report describes the structure and expression of the outspread (osp) gene of Drosophila melanogaster. Previous work showed that chromosomal breakpoints associated with mutations of the osp locus map to both sides of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (Adh), suggesting that Adh and the adjacent gene Adh' are nested in osp. We extended a chromosomal walk and mapped additional osp mutations to define the maximum molecular limit of osp as 119 kb. We identified a 6-kb transcript that hybridizes to osp region DNA and is altered or absent in osp mutants. Accumulation of this RNA peaks during embryonic and pupal periods. The osp cDNAs comprise two distinct classes based on alternative splicing patterns. The 5′ end of the longest cDNA was extended by PCR amplification. When hybridized to the osp walk, the 5′ extension verifies that Adh and Adh' are nested in osp and shows that osp has a transcription unit of ≥74 kb. In situ hybridization shows that osp is expressed both maternally and zygotically. In the ovary, osp is transcribed in nurse cells and localized in the oocyte. In embryos, expression is most abundant in the developing visceral and somatic musculature.

A new approach reveals syncytia within the visceral musculature ofDrosophila melanogaster

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (13) ◽  
pp. 2517-2524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Klapper ◽  
Sandra Heuser ◽  
Thomas Strasser ◽  
Wilfried Janning
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Transplantation Technique ◽  
Somatic Musculature ◽  
Somatic Muscles

In order to reveal syncytia within the visceral musculature of Drosophila melanogaster, we have combined the GAL4/UAS system with the single-cell transplantation technique. After transplantation of single cells from UAS-GFP donor embryos into ubiquitously GAL4-expressing recipients, the expression of the reporter gene was exclusively activated in syncytia containing both donor- and recipient-derived nuclei. In the first trial, we tested the system in the larval somatic musculature, which is already known to consist of syncytia. By this means we could show that most of the larval somatic muscles are generated by clonally non-related cells. Moreover, using this approach we were able to detect syncytia within the visceral musculature – a tissue that has previously been described as consisting of mononuclear cells. Both the longitudinal visceral musculature of the midgut and the circular musculature of the hindgut consist of syncytia and persist through metamorphosis. This novel application of the transplantation technique might be a powerful tool to trace syncytia in any organism using the GAL4/UAS system.

A Preparation of Aplysia Fasciata For Intrasomatic Recording and Stimulation of Single Neurones During Locomotor Movements

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-676
Author(s):  
R. G. DE WEEVERS
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Pedal Ganglion ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Single Neurones ◽  
Sensory Responses ◽  
Motor Cells ◽  
Aplysia Fasciata ◽  
Pleural Ganglion ◽  
Somatic Musculature ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Methods are described for suspending and clamping Aplysia fasciata so as to permit intrasomatic recording from neurones of the head ganglia during locomotor and other behavioural activities. 2. Sensory responses of neurones in the pedal ganglion are classified into four main types, all being distinct from those of pleural ganglion cells. 3. The pedal ganglion may well contain ‘motor cells’ for the greater part of the somatic musculature. 4. Preliminary results suggest that the pleural LGC may be involved in promoting a change from swimming to creeping behaviour.

The mutant not enough muscles (nem) reveals reduction of the Drosophila embryonic muscle pattern

1995 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 1443-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Burchard ◽  
A. Paululat ◽  
U. Hinz ◽  
R. Renkawitz-Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
P Element ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Methane Sulfonate ◽  
Visceral Mesoderm ◽  
Embryonic Muscle ◽  
Embryonic Muscle Development ◽  
Somatic Musculature

In a search for mutations affecting embryonic muscle development in Drosophila we identified a mutation caused by the insertion of a P-element, which we called not enough muscles (nem). The phenotype of the P-element mutation of the nem gene suggests that it may be required for the development of the somatic musculature and the chordotonal organs of the PNS, while it is not involved in the development of the visceral mesoderm and the dorsal vessel. Mutant embryos are characterized by partial absence of muscles, monitored by immunostainings with mesoderm-specific anti-beta 3 tubulin and anti-myosin heavy chain antibodies. Besides these muscle distortions, defects in the peripheral nervous system were found, indicating a dual function of the nem gene product. Ethyl methane sulfonate-induced alleles for the P-element mutation were created for a detailed analysis. One of these alleles is characterized by unfused myoblasts which express beta 3 tubulin and myosin heavy chain, indicating the state of cell differentiation.

scholarly journals Noninvasive muscle activity imaging using magnetography

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (9) ◽  
pp. 4942-4947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo R. Llinás ◽  
Mikhail Ustinin ◽  
Stanislav Rykunov ◽  
Kerry D. Walton ◽  
Guilherme M. Rabello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Somatic Musculature ◽  
The Magnetic Field

A spectroscopic paradigm has been developed that allows the magnetic field emissions generated by the electrical activity in the human body to be imaged in real time. The growing significance of imaging modalities in biology is evident by the almost exponential increase of their use in research, from the molecular to the ecological level. The method of analysis described here allows totally noninvasive imaging of muscular activity (heart, somatic musculature). Such imaging can be obtained without additional methodological steps such as the use of contrast media.

The functional anatomy of the anterior end of Skrjabinoptera goldmanae from Australian agamid lizards

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.I. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Muscular Oesophagus ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Accessory Muscle ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Somatic Musculature

AbstractFour muscle groups are responsible for the eversion and retraction of the apical denticles and enlarged pseudolabia in Skrjabinoptera goldmanae (Nematoda: Physalopteridae), which occurs in the lizards Chlamydosaurus kingii, Pogona spp. and Varanus gouldii in Australia. These muscles enable the nematode to bury its anterior portion in the gastric submucosa of its hosts. They comprise three sets which are derived from the somatic musculature and are inserted in the oesophagus and associated organs, and a fourth set of muscles which appears to be derived from the muscular oesophagus itself. These accessory muscle groups are described and illustrated, and from this their mode of action in everting and retracting the pseudolabia is derived. Possible selection pressures which led to their evolution are reviewed.

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